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geography > UK human > Flashcards

UK human Flashcards

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1
Q

rural v urban areas differences

A

rural
- older pop
- smaller/sparser pop
- agriculture
- cheaper land
- less services
(population density, age structure, economic activity, settlement)

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2
Q

why does the urban core grow

A
  • multiplier effect - attracts migrants who spend money creating more growth
  • growth of conurbations - grow and merge with towns creating large spatial growth / influence
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3
Q

globalisations impact on urban core

A
  • containerisation - more demand/accessible supplies/more exports + imports
  • global shift - deindustrialisation/ more tertiary
    more connected
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4
Q

urban core large pop

A

RURAL > URBAN MIGRATION
more employment
more healthcare/education
bright light syndrome

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5
Q

urban core age structure

A

employment
high salary
attracts young people for careers

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6
Q

urban core economic activities

A

larger income for shops/businesses
more trade from large companies
more transport

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7
Q

2 reasons pop density varies

A

more people living in urban than rural due to jobs services education
urban areas away from higher land - easy to build on and attracts business / people

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8
Q

incentives for investors

A

enterprise zones
EU regional development fund
EU grants
improvements to transport

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9
Q

enterprise zones

A

help start up costs / reduce taxes / superfast broadband
- mostly in urban areas and all in england

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10
Q

EU regional development fund

A

grants and advice to help businesses to start up , available in peripheral areas
- money invested is small

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11
Q

EU grants

A

fund poorest regions in the EU
- only cornwall qualified - in 2015

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12
Q

improvements to transport

A

transport links eg HS2 links london to peripherals
- mostly in urban core
- budget cuta reduce spending elsewhere

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13
Q

uk migration policies

A

EU open door policy
quotas
point based system

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14
Q

EU open door policy

A

free movement of EU citizens

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15
Q

quotas

A

limits on no. migrants allowed to enter on certain visas eg 100,000 farmers

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16
Q

point based system

A

given points based on key factors that are desirable eg skills we need eg NHS have more points

17
Q

national migration

A
  • retirment migration - older people retire to a diff part of UK for scenery, a slower pace of life, less crime etc
  • rural to urban - for job oportunities
  • north to south drift - regional migration - deindustrialisation
18
Q

birth rate increased

A
  • more overseas born women living in the UK - higher fertility rate
  • more older aged women chose to have children
19
Q

new post industrial uk economy

A
  • high wage knowledge based eg quaternary/ banking
  • low wage services - retail / commercial
  • new rural activities - diversification of farms and teleworking
20
Q

dinnington old economy

A

coal from the vines use steel
fuels secondary of shipbuilding and engineering

21
Q

dinnington deindustrialisation

A
  • coalfield closed
  • steel suffered from no coal / cheaper overseas
  • shipbuilding collapsed from no primary and cheaper overseas
22
Q

dinnington new economy

A
  • most is tertiary eg transport/ call centres
  • lack of high salary jobs
  • large business parks
    primary/ secondary > tertiary
23
Q

london docklands / canary warf new economy

A
  • based on services
  • not tied to location
  • top end is in london - high skill - high pay
24
Q

knowledge economy

A

specialised section of the new economy
- quaternary
- high skill / knowledge
- high salary

25
Q

3 things have amjor role on uk economy

A
  • globalisation (TNC headquarters)
  • privatisation
  • free trade
26
Q

london site

A
  • flat easy to build on
  • near thames attracted for trade/ a port
27
Q

london situation

A

time zone
- overlaps other zones eg asia new york australia so trade is easy
close to europe
- trade by sea quick
- builds connectivity

28
Q

london connectivity

A
  • media hotspot
  • good for trade/ attracts people
    eg airports/ eurostar
29
Q

why UK young pop

A
  • bright light syndrome - opportunities for leisure/work
  • natural increase then migrate to suburbs when have children / grow up
  • so londons pop stays young
30
Q

why clusters of ethnic groups develop in london

A
  • international migrants seek cheap rented housing ( not eligible for social housing)
  • take private rented property in inner city developing clusters
  • defend against discrimination, support ethnic services/shops, preserve cultural distinctiveness
31
Q

2 differences between richmond and newham

A
  • richmond better educated than newham so in newham cant afford to stay to higher education and head straight to low pay work
  • more crimes in newham as more people in poverty so have nothing to lose and need necessities - detracts businesses creating a cycle of decline
32
Q

reasons for urban sprawl

A
  • counter urbanisation > leads to suburbanisation
  • family size increases - need cheaper bigger houses
  • increasing divorce or later marriage - more seperate houses
33
Q

why london has grown due to re urbanisation

A
  • regeneration on brownfield sites
  • gentrification
  • investment
  • culture and leisure opportunities
  • studentification
34
Q

+/- of gentrification

A

+ land / home owners can increase rent (income)
+ increase services
+ lower crime rates (more police/CCTV)
+ improve environmental qual
- renters priced out
- loss of community spirit
- loss of diversity
- more congestion / pollution - can afford cars

35
Q

olympic regeneration +

A
  • 560 acres improved
  • new green spaces
  • £10 bill income
  • 35000 new jobs
36
Q

olympic generation -

A

-2800 new homes unaffordable
- 450 flats torn down

37
Q

improvements in london sustainability

A
  • teleworking
  • recycling services
  • congestion zones
  • (first steps) shared ownerships of houses
  • grants to install solar panels
38
Q

farm diversification/ tourism

A
  • farm shops
  • tourist accommodation
  • leisure activities
  • tourism projects eg eden project
  • retirment migration
  • teleworking

geography (10 decks)

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