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geog2025 Education > Uk Food Retailers Pre 1990 > Flashcards

Uk Food Retailers Pre 1990 Flashcards

1
Q

How many stores did sainsburys have in 1928?

A

128

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2
Q

What market position was sainsburys through til the 1990s?

A

1

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3
Q

What spatial growth strategy was employed by sainsburys?

A

Organic growth

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4
Q

What was sainsburys market share in this period?

A

Between £10-12bn

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5
Q

Which geographical region did Gateway start in?

A

South East

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6
Q

Which retailers did Gateway purchase through the 1980s?

A

International, fine Faye, UK arm of Carrefour

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7
Q

What was predominantly the most common store format of gateway?

A

Small, high street

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8
Q

In which year was Gateway renamed Somerfield?

A

1990

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9
Q

In which year did gateway get purchased?

A

1989, by isosceles

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10
Q

What format did Somerfield wish to concentrate on?

A

Middle ground : 5-10 k square foot stores

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11
Q

In the golden era, which position was gateway/Somerfield?

A

3

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12
Q

Which year was Tesco’s first store opened?

A

1929

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13
Q

Even in the early days, what made Tesco different from Sainsbury’s?

A

Lower retailing prices

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14
Q

Which spatial strategy did Tesco follow in the early days?

A

Organic growth

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15
Q

In which year was Tesco’s first supermarket?

A

1949

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16
Q

In the 1950s and 1960s, the first of Tesco’s first spatial strategies began to emerge, what where they?

A

Entering new markets by buying regional competitors, such as Charles Phillips

17
Q

In 1980, how many stores were in Tesco’s portfolio?

A

550

18
Q

In 1989, how many stores were in Tesco’s portfolio?

A

370

19
Q

In 1980, what was Tesco’s total floorspace?

A

6.2 million square feet

20
Q

In 1989, what was Tesco’s total floorspace?

A

8.5m square feet

21
Q

Throughout he so called golden era of retailing, what was Tesco’s spatial strategy?

A

A spatial switching of capital, larger stores, but less stores: economies of scale

22
Q

In what year did Tesco purchase Yorkshire retailer Hillard’s?

A

1987

23
Q

How much did Tesco pay for Yorkshire retailer Hillard’s?

A

£220m

24
Q

What was the total share of retailer Hillard’s when purchased by Tesco?

A

Less than 1%!!!

25
Q

In which year did Tesco purchase Wm ‘Willie’ Lowe?

A

1994

26
Q

What was the geographic region of WM Lowes?

A

Scotland and the north of England

27
Q

How did Tesco pay for willie Lowes?

A

£257m

28
Q

What was a strategy employed by retailers in the golden era to increase market share?

A

Mergers and acquisitions

29
Q

What year did sainsburys originate?

A

1869

30
Q

Which academic to employ relating to organic growth ?

A

Birkin et al, 2002

31
Q

According to Birkin et al (2002), what are the two types of ORGANIC GROWTH exist?

A

HIERACHAL DIFFUSION

CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION

32
Q

Birkin et al. 2002. Hierarchical diffusion (organic growth) what does it mean?

A

HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION:
A retailer starting in a major town, then working down the retail hierarchy to smaller towns, or those of a similar size. Linked to REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT from a selected town.

33
Q

Birkin et al. 2002. contagious diffusion (organic growth) what does it mean?

A

Building of new stores closely around the headquarters, which creates a regional, more than a national, market share. This is more likely when entering international markets, such as marks and Spencer’s opening foreign stores near to borders to allow for easy resupply etc

34
Q

What is a disadvantage of organic growth?

A

Can be a slow process. Depending on the sub-class of organic growth (hierarchical or contagious) depends on whether a regional or national market is created

35
Q

What is a benefit of mergers and acquisitions?

A

Rapid market growth , access into new regions

36
Q

Wrigley 1987 writes on the so called capital concentration of the retail sector - what does this imply?

A

The growth of dominant retail forces in the golden age of retail. Entering new regional markets, growth via organic growth or mergers and acquisitions. Growing strength of large multiples

37
Q

According to wrigley 1987, the 1950s contained thousands of independent retailers. What market share did this retailers possess?

A

73%

38
Q

By the 1980s, what had the market share of small independent retailers fallen to? According to wrigley 1987.

A

Less than 30%

geog2025 Education (7 decks)

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