Uk Food Retailers Pre 1990

Question 1

How many stores did sainsburys have in 1928?

Answer 1

128

Question 2

What market position was sainsburys through til the 1990s?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What spatial growth strategy was employed by sainsburys?

Answer 3

Organic growth

Question 4

What was sainsburys market share in this period?

Answer 4

Between £10-12bn

Question 5

Which geographical region did Gateway start in?

Answer 5

South East

Question 6

Which retailers did Gateway purchase through the 1980s?

Answer 6

International, fine Faye, UK arm of Carrefour

Question 7

What was predominantly the most common store format of gateway?

Answer 7

Small, high street

Question 8

In which year was Gateway renamed Somerfield?

Answer 8

1990

Question 9

In which year did gateway get purchased?

Answer 9

1989, by isosceles

Question 10

What format did Somerfield wish to concentrate on?

Answer 10

Middle ground : 5-10 k square foot stores

Question 11

In the golden era, which position was gateway/Somerfield?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

Which year was Tesco’s first store opened?

Answer 12

1929

Question 13

Even in the early days, what made Tesco different from Sainsbury’s?

Answer 13

Lower retailing prices

Question 14

Which spatial strategy did Tesco follow in the early days?

Answer 14

Organic growth

Question 15

In which year was Tesco’s first supermarket?

Answer 15

1949

Question 16

In the 1950s and 1960s, the first of Tesco’s first spatial strategies began to emerge, what where they?

Answer 16

Entering new markets by buying regional competitors, such as Charles Phillips

Question 17

In 1980, how many stores were in Tesco’s portfolio?

Answer 17

550

Question 18

In 1989, how many stores were in Tesco’s portfolio?

Answer 18

370

Question 19

In 1980, what was Tesco’s total floorspace?

Answer 19

6.2 million square feet

Question 20

In 1989, what was Tesco’s total floorspace?

Answer 20

8.5m square feet

Question 21

Throughout he so called golden era of retailing, what was Tesco’s spatial strategy?

Answer 21

A spatial switching of capital, larger stores, but less stores: economies of scale

Question 22

In what year did Tesco purchase Yorkshire retailer Hillard’s?

Answer 22

1987

Question 23

How much did Tesco pay for Yorkshire retailer Hillard’s?

Answer 23

£220m

Question 24

What was the total share of retailer Hillard’s when purchased by Tesco?

Answer 24

Less than 1%!!!

Question 25

In which year did Tesco purchase Wm 'Willie' Lowe?

Answer 25

1994

Question 26

What was the geographic region of WM Lowes?

Answer 26

Scotland and the north of England

Question 27

How did Tesco pay for willie Lowes?

Answer 27

£257m

Question 28

What was a strategy employed by retailers in the golden era to increase market share?

Answer 28

Mergers and acquisitions

Question 29

What year did sainsburys originate?

Answer 29

1869

Question 30

Which academic to employ relating to organic growth ?

Answer 30

Birkin et al, 2002

Question 31

According to Birkin et al (2002), what are the two types of ORGANIC GROWTH exist?

Answer 31

HIERACHAL DIFFUSION | CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION

Question 32

Birkin et al. 2002. Hierarchical diffusion (organic growth) what does it mean?

Answer 32

HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION: A retailer starting in a major town, then working down the retail hierarchy to smaller towns, or those of a similar size. Linked to REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT from a selected town.

Question 33

Birkin et al. 2002. contagious diffusion (organic growth) what does it mean?

Answer 33

Building of new stores closely around the headquarters, which creates a regional, more than a national, market share. This is more likely when entering international markets, such as marks and Spencer's opening foreign stores near to borders to allow for easy resupply etc

Question 34

What is a disadvantage of organic growth?

Answer 34

Can be a slow process. Depending on the sub-class of organic growth (hierarchical or contagious) depends on whether a regional or national market is created

Question 35

What is a benefit of mergers and acquisitions?

Answer 35

Rapid market growth , access into new regions

Question 36

Wrigley 1987 writes on the so called capital concentration of the retail sector - what does this imply?

Answer 36

The growth of dominant retail forces in the golden age of retail. Entering new regional markets, growth via organic growth or mergers and acquisitions. Growing strength of large multiples

Question 37

According to wrigley 1987, the 1950s contained thousands of independent retailers. What market share did this retailers possess?

Answer 37

73%

Question 38

By the 1980s, what had the market share of small independent retailers fallen to? According to wrigley 1987.

Answer 38

Less than 30%