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Clin Anat I - Exam #3 > UE2 > Flashcards

UE2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
  1. bicipital groove
  2. lateral epicondyle
  3. medial epicondyle
  4. radial (spiral) groove
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2
Q
A
  1. radial fossa
  2. capitulum
  3. trochlea
  4. coronoid fossa
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3
Q
A

olecranon fossa

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4
Q
A

trochlear notch

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5
Q
A
  1. proximal radual ulna joint (PRUJ)
  2. distal radial ulna joint (DRUJ)
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6
Q
A
  1. trohelar notch
  2. coronoid process
  3. tuberosity
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7
Q
A

radial notch of the ulna

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8
Q
A
  1. head of ulna
  2. styloid process of ulna
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9
Q
A
  1. radial head
  2. neck of radius
  3. radial tuberosity
  4. body
  5. interosseus membrane
  6. ulna
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10
Q
A
  1. radial head
  2. radial neck
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11
Q
A
  1. radial styloid
  2. dorsal tubercule of radius
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12
Q
A

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

  1. scaphoid
  2. lunate
  3. triquetrum
  4. pisiform
  5. trapezium
  6. trapezoid
  7. capitate
  8. hamate
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13
Q
A
  1. radiocarpal joint
  2. midcarpal joint
  3. carpalmetacarpal joint (CMC)
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14
Q
A
  1. base of MC
  2. metacarpal (MC)
  3. head of MC
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15
Q
A
  1. proximal phalanx of thumb
  2. distal phalanx of thumb
  3. proximal phalanx
  4. middle phalanx
  5. distal phalanx
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16
Q
A
  1. thumb CMC
  2. thumb MCP
  3. IP
  4. CMC
  5. MCP
  6. PIP
  7. DIP
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17
Q
A
  1. olecranon fossa
  2. medial epicondyle
  3. olecranon
  4. radial head
  5. lateral epicondyle
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18
Q
A
  1. radial head
  2. radius
  3. ulna
  4. olecranon
  5. trochelar notch
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19
Q
A

cubital fossa

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20
Q

Define the cubital fossa

A

triangular hollow area - anterior elbow

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A
  • superior: imaginary line between med and lat epicondyles
  • medial: pronator teres
  • lateral: brachioradialis
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22
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A
  • brachialis
  • supinator muscles
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23
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

fascia reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

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24
Q

What can be palpated in the cubital fossa?

A
  • brachial a.
  • distal biceps tendon
  • bicipital aponeurosis
  • pronator teres
  • brachioradialis
  • median cubital v.
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25
Q

What forms the cubital tunnel?

A
  • medial epicondyle
  • tendinous arch of FCU
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26
Q

What is the content of the cubital tunnel?

A
  • ulnar n.
  • post. recurrent ulnar a.
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27
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

entrapment of cubital tunnel

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28
Q

**What is the only n. in the posterior elbow?**

(TEST QUESTION)

A

ulnar n.

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29
Q

What are the two compartments of the forearm?

A
  • anteriomedial
  • posteriolateral
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30
Q

What is contained in the anteriomedial compartment of the forearm?

A

flexors & pronators

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31
Q

What is the innervation of most muscles in the anteromedial forearm?

A

median n.

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32
Q

What is the innervation of 1 1/2 muscles in the anteromedial forearm?

A

ulnar n.

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33
Q

What does the posterolateral compartment contain?

A

extensors & supinators

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34
Q

What innervates ALL muscles of the posterolateral compartment of the forearm?

A

radial n.

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35
Q

What are the divisions of the forearm compartments?

A
  • interosseus membrane
  • subq border of ulna (posterior)
  • radial a. (anterior)
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36
Q

What are the groups of muscles in the anteromedial forearm?

A
  • superficial
  • intermediate
  • deep
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37
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group?

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
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38
Q

In general, what is the action of the anteromedial muscles?

A
  • flex wrist
  • pronate forearm
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39
Q

What muscles make up the intermediate layer of the anteriomedial compartment?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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40
Q

What muscles make up the deep group of the anteriomedial compartment of the forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
  • flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
  • pronator quadratus
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41
Q

pronator teres

O/I

A
  • O: med epicondyle & coronoid process
  • I: mid lat radius
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42
Q

pronator teres

N

A

median n.

(passes b/t two heads of the muscle)

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43
Q

pronator teres

A

A

A: pronates & flexes forearm

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44
Q

FCR

O/I

A

O: med epicondyle

I: base of 2nd MC

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45
Q

FCR

N

A

N: median n.

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46
Q

FCR

A

A

A: flexes & radial deviates wrist

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47
Q

What lies immediatly lateral and medial to the FCR at the wrist?

A
  • lateral: radial a.
  • medial: median n.
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48
Q

palmaris longus

O/I

A

O: med epicondyle

I: palmar aponeurosis & distal 1/2 of flexor retinaculum

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49
Q

palmaris longus

N

A

N: median n.

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50
Q

palmaris longus

A

A

A: flexes wrist & tightens palmar aponeurosis

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51
Q

What is located lateral to palmaris longus at the wrist?

A

median n.

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52
Q

FCU

O/I

A

O: humeral head - medial epicondyle; ulnar head - olecranon process & posterior ulna

I: pisiform, hook of the hamate, & base of the 5th MC

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53
Q

FCU

N

A

ulnar n.

(passes between two heads)

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54
Q

FCU

A

A

A: flexes & ulnarly deviates wrist

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55
Q

What is immediatly lateral to FCU at the wrist?

A

ulnar n. & a.

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56
Q
A
  1. pronator teres
  2. FCR
  3. FCU
  4. palmaris longus
  5. FDS
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57
Q

FDS

O/I

A

O: humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle & coronoid process; radial head - superior 1/2 of ant. radius

I: middle phalnges of digits 2-4 (splits to let FDP pass to distal phalanx)

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58
Q

FDS

N

A

N: median n.

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59
Q

FDS

A

A

A: flexes PIP of digits 2-5; some wrist & MCP flexion

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60
Q

What structures pass through the two heads of FDS?

A
  • median n.
  • ulnar a.
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61
Q
A
  1. median n.
  2. FDS
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62
Q

FDP

O/I

A

O: proximal anterior ulna

I: base of distal phalanges on digits 2-5

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63
Q

FDP

N

A

N: lateral portion - AIN of median n.; medial portion - ulnar n.

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64
Q

FDP

A

A

A: DIP flexion of digits 2-5; also some wrist flexion

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65
Q
A
  1. AIN
  2. FDP
  3. ulnar n.
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66
Q

FPL

O/I

A

O: anterior radius

I: base of distal phalanx of thumb

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67
Q

FPL

N

A

N: AIN of median n.

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68
Q

FPL

A

A

A: IP flexion

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69
Q
A

FPL

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70
Q

pronator quadratus

O/I

A

O/I: distal 1/4 radius & ulna

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71
Q

pronator quadratus

N

A

N: AIN of median n.

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72
Q

pronator quadratus

A

A

A: pronates forearm

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73
Q
A
  1. AIN
  2. pronator quadratus
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74
Q
A
  1. pronator teres
  2. supinator
  3. pronator quadratus
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75
Q

In general, what do the muscles of the posterolateral compartment do?

A
  • extend wrist/digits
  • supinate forearm
  • brachioradialis flexes elbow
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76
Q
A
  1. extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
  2. extensor digiti minimi
  3. extensor digitorum
  4. extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  5. extensor carpi radialis longus ( ECRL)
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77
Q
A
  1. EDS
  2. ECU
  3. extensor indicies
  4. extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
  5. extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
  6. abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  7. ECRB
  8. ECRL
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78
Q
A

brachioradialis

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79
Q
A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. ECRL
  3. ECRB
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80
Q
A

extensor indicies

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81
Q
A
  1. EPL
  2. extensor indicies
  3. EPB
  4. APL
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82
Q

What are the muscles that extend & deviate (both ulnar & radial) the wrist?

A
  • ECRB
  • ECRL
  • ECU
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83
Q

What are the muscles that extend digits 2-5?

A
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor indicies
  • extensor digiti minimi
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84
Q

What are the muscles that either extend or abduct the thumb?

A
  1. APL
  2. EPB
  3. EPL
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85
Q

brachioradialis

O/I

A

O: lateral supracodylar ridge

I: lateral distal ulna

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86
Q

brachioradialis

N

A

N: radial n.

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87
Q

brachioradialis

A

A

A: flexes elbow in neutral position (beer drinking muscle)

88
Q

What is significant about brachiradialis’ distal tendon?

A

C6 deep tendon reflex

89
Q

supinanator

O/I

A

O: lateral epicondyl & posterior proximal ulna

90
Q

supinator

N

A

N: deep branch of radial n.

91
Q

ECRL

O/I

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: base of 2nd MC

92
Q

ECRL

N

A

N: radial n.

93
Q

ECRL

A

A

A: extends and radially deviates wrist

94
Q

ECRB

O/I

A

O: common extensor tendon of lateral epicondyle

I: base of 3rd MC

95
Q

ECRB

N

A

N: deep branch of radial n.

96
Q

ECRB

A

A

A: extension & radial deviation of wrist

97
Q

ECU

O/I

A

O: common extensor tendon of lateral epicondyle

I: base of 5th MC

98
Q

ECU

N

A

N: PIN of radial n.

99
Q

ECU

A

A

A: extend & ulnarly deviates wrist

100
Q

extensor digitorum

O/I

A

O: common extensor tendon of lateral epicondyle

I: extensor expansion hoods of digits 2-5

101
Q

extensor digitorum

N

A

N: PIN of radial n.

102
Q

extensor digitorum

A

A

A: extends digits 2-5

103
Q

extensor indicies

O/I

A

O: posterior ulna

I: extensor expansion hood of 2nd digit

104
Q

extensor indicies

N

A

PIN of radial n.

105
Q

extensor indicies

A

A

extends 2nd digit

106
Q

extensor digiti minimi

O/I

A

O: common extensor tendon of lateral epicondyle

I: extensor expansion hood of 5th digit

107
Q

extensor digiti minimi

N

A

PIN of radial n.

108
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

A

extends 5th digit

(Dr. Evil)

109
Q

What are the “outcropping” muscles?

A
  • APL
  • EPB
  • EPL
110
Q

APL

O/I

A

O: ulna & interosseus membrane

I: base of 1st MC

111
Q

APL

N

A

PIN of radial n.

112
Q

APL

A

A

abducts thumb

113
Q

EPB

O/I

A

O: radius & interosseus membrane

I: base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

114
Q

EPB

N

A

PIN of radial n.

115
Q

EPB

A

A

extends 1st MCP & CMC

116
Q

EPL

O/I

A

O: ulna & interosseus membrance

I: base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

117
Q

EPL

N

A

PIN of radial n.

118
Q

EPL

A

A

extends IP, MCP, & CMC

119
Q
A
  1. common interosseus a.
  2. posterior interosseus a.
  3. anterior interosseus a.
  4. radial a.
  5. ulnar a.
  6. brachial a.
120
Q

What supplies the blood to the elbow?

A

radial & ulnar recurrents

121
Q

Describe the pathway of the anterior interosseus a.

A
  • descends along ant. to interosseus membrane
  • at pronator quad, it pierces interosseus membrane to descend posteriorly to the wrist
122
Q

Describe the pathway of posterior interosseus a.

A
  • pierces interosseus membrane
  • descendes posteriorly to wrist
123
Q

What happens to the radial & ulnar a. at the hand?

A

form anastmosetr

124
Q

Describe the pathway of the radial a.

A

descends deep to brachioradialis and goes to wrist

125
Q

Describe the pathway of the median n.

A

enters cubital fossa w/ brachial a.

descends b/t 2 heads of pronator teres

gives rise to AIN

continues to descende b/t FDS & FDP

126
Q

What is the pathway of AIN?

A

travels deep along anterior compartment

127
Q

What does the median n. supply?

A
  • pronator teres
  • FDS
  • PL
  • FCR
  • thenar muscles
    • APB
    • opponens pollicis
    • flexor pollicis
128
Q

What does AIN supply?

A
  • 1/2 FDP
  • FPL
  • pronator quad
129
Q

Describe the pathway of the ulnar n.

A
  • passes posteriorly to medial epicondyle
  • enters forearm through cubital tunnel
  • descends through forearm b/t FCU & FDP
  • at wrist, passes ANTERIOR to flexor retinaculum
130
Q

What does the ulnar n. supply?

A
  • FCU
  • 1/2 FDP
  • muscles of the hand
131
Q

Describe the pathway of the radial n.

A
  • enters forearm anterior to elbow
  • travels b/t brachialis & brachioradialis in cubital fossa
  • divides into deep & superficial branches
132
Q

Describe the pathway of the deep branch of the radial n.

A
  • pierces supinator
  • wraps post. around radius
  • continues as PIN
133
Q

Describe the pathway of the superficial branch of the radial n.

A
  • continues to descend deep to brachioradialis
  • enters hand to supply skin of lateral hand
134
Q

What does the radial n. supply?

A
  • triceps
  • anconeous
  • ECRL
135
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial n supply?

A
  • ECRB
  • supinator
136
Q

What does the PIN innervate?

A
  • ECU
  • muscles of the digits
    • extensor digitorum
    • extensor indices
    • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor muscles of the thumb
    • APL
    • EPB
    • EPL
137
Q
A

median n.

138
Q
A
  1. AIN
    1. median n
139
Q
A
  1. ulnar n.
  2. FCU
  3. ulnar n.
  4. FDP
  5. ulnar n.
  6. Guyon’s Canal
140
Q
A
  1. ulnar n.
  2. FDP
141
Q
A

all are radial n.

142
Q
A
  1. radial n.
  2. superfical branch of radial n.
  3. supinator
  4. deep branch of radial n.
143
Q
A
  1. radial n.
  2. deep branch of radial n.
  3. radial n. passing through supinator
  4. PIN
  5. superfical branch of radial n.
  6. brachoradialis
  7. superficial branch of radial n.
144
Q

Describe the articulation of the humeroradial joint

A

capitulum

+

radial head

145
Q

Describe the articulation of the humeroulnar joint

A

trochlea

+

olecranon

146
Q

Describe the articulation of the PRUJ

A

(proximal radioulnar joint)

radial notch of ulna

+

radial head

147
Q

What is the function of the radial collateral ligament ?

A

resists varus stress

148
Q

What is the function of the ulna collateral ligament?

A

resists valgus stress

149
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament?

A

allows pronation/supination but stabilizes radial head

150
Q

What are the carrying angles for males & females?

A
  • male: 10-15 deg
  • female: >15 deg

females are larger to accomodate for childbearing, wide hips

151
Q

What is the structure posterior to the olecranon that reduces friction?

A

olecranon bursae

152
Q

T/F: The ulna rotates around the radius during pronation/supination.

A

false

153
Q

How is the elbow supplied with blood?

A

via anastamoses

154
Q

Define sacciform recess

A
  • continuation of synovial joint capsule of elbow
  • located between annular ligament and radial head
155
Q

Define the articulation of the DRUJ

A

ulnar head

+

ulnar notch of radius

156
Q

What is the TFCC?

A

triangular fibrocartilagenous complex

157
Q

Where does the TFCC attach?

A

base of radius & ulnar styloid process

158
Q

What is the TFCCs function?

A
  • acts as pivot during pronation/supination
  • acts as articular disc (meniscus of the UE)
159
Q

What is the anatomical snuffbox?

A

triangular space along the lateral wrist

160
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • APL & EPB
  • EPL
161
Q

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • scaphoid
  • trapezium
162
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • radial a.
  • superficial branch of radial n. travels over the roof
163
Q

Why are we concernd with the scaphoid?

A

poor blood supply –> AVN s/p fx

164
Q

What passes between the hamate and the hook of the hamate?

A

ulnar n.

165
Q

Name the ligaments of the wrist

A

ulnar & radial collateral

dorsal radiocarpal

palmar radiocarpal

166
Q

What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?

A

allows hand to “follow” radius during pronation

167
Q

What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?

A

allows the hand to “follow” radius during supination

168
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

contains extensor tendons against wrist to prevent bowstringing with contraction

169
Q

What is the continuation of the extensor retinaculum?

A

palmar carpal ligament

170
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A
  • transvers carpal ligament
  • forms roof of carpal tunnel
171
Q

What muscles are part of the thenar eminence?

A
  • abductor pollicis brevis (APB)
  • flexor pollicis brevis (FPB)
  • opponense pollicis
172
Q

What is the most distal muscle innervated by the ulnar n.?

A

adductor pollicis

173
Q

What are the two heads of adductor pollicis?

A
  • oblique
  • transverse
174
Q

adductor pollicis

A

A

thumb adduction

175
Q

lumbricals

A

A
  • flex MCP
  • extend IP
176
Q

lumbrical 1 & 2 innervation?

A

median n.

177
Q

lumbricals 3& 4 innervation?

A

ulnar n.

178
Q

lumbricals

O/I

A

O: FDP tendon

I: extensor expansion hood of digits 2-5

179
Q

interossei innervation

A

ulnar n.

180
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there? palmar?

A
  • dorsal = 4
  • palmar = 3
181
Q

action of the interossei?

A
  • DAB = dorsal abduct
  • PAD = palmar abduct
182
Q

ABP

N

A

median n.

183
Q

APB

A

A
  • abducts thumb
  • assists w/ opposition
184
Q

FPB

N

A

median n. (recurrent branch)

185
Q

FPB

A

A

flexes thumb

186
Q

opponense pollicis

N

A

median n. recurrent branch

187
Q

opponens pollicis

A

A

opposes thumb

188
Q

What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • opponense digiti minimi
189
Q

abductor digiti minimi

N

A

ulnar n

190
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

A

abduction of 5th digit

191
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

N

A

ulnar n.

192
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

A

flex 5th digit

193
Q

opponense digiti minimi

N

A

ulnar n.

194
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

A

opposition of 5th digit

195
Q

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • flexor retinaculum
  • carpal bones
196
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

9 tendons, 1 nerve

  • FDS
  • FDP
  • FPL
  • median n.
197
Q

Describe the orrientation of the tendons in the carpal tunnel when taking a transverse view

A
  • 4 FDP tendons flat together
  • 4 FDS tendons, 2 on top of 2
198
Q

What passes through Guyon’s Canal?

A

ulnar n.

199
Q

What forms Guyon’s Canal?

A
  • pisiform
  • hook of the hamate
200
Q

Describe the blood supply to the hand

A

superficial & deep palmar arches

201
Q
A
  1. humeroradial joint
  2. humeroulnar joint
  3. PRUJ
202
Q
A

ulnar collateral ligament

203
Q
A
  1. annular ligament
  2. radial collateral ligament
204
Q
A

saciform recess

205
Q
A

DRUJ

206
Q
A

anatomical snuff box

207
Q
A
  1. EPL
  2. radial a.
  3. EPB
  4. APL
208
Q
A
  1. TFCC
  2. ulnar collateral ligament
  3. dorsal radiaocarpal joint
  4. radial collateral ligament
209
Q
A

palmar radiocarpal ligament

210
Q
A

extensor retinaculum

211
Q
A

palmar carpal ligament

212
Q
A
  1. palmar carpal ligament
  2. flexor retinaculum
213
Q
A
  1. palmar aponeurosis
  2. palmaris logus
214
Q
A
  1. flexor digiti minimi brevis
  2. abductor digiti minimi
  3. abductor pollicis pollicis brevis
  4. flexor pollicis brevis
215
Q
A
  1. opponens digiti minimi
  2. opponens pollicis
216
Q
A
  1. ulnar n.
  2. adductor pollicis
217
Q
A
  1. FPL
  2. FDS
  3. FDP

Clin Anat I - Exam #3 (2 decks)

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