Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UE Extremity part 1 > UE - Shoulder Region > Flashcards

UE - Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

Pigeon chest sternum deformity
Sternum is displaced?

A

Pectus carinatum
displaced anteriorly and inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sternum aka?
T2
T4/T5 OR 2ND RIB
T6
T10
T9

A

jugular notch
sternal angle of louie
xiphoid dermatomal
xiphoid anatomical
xiphisternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Funnel chest
displacement?

A

pectus excavatum
displaced posteriorly, overgrowth ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Barrel chest
Increase in?
sternum displaced?

A

increased AP diameter
displaced superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Latissimus Dorsi
Aka:
O
I
N
A

A

Aka: broadest ms, swimmer’s ms
Important crutch walking ms
O: Iliac crest, L5-T7 SP, Inf angle of scap
I: Floor of bicipital groove
N: Thoracodorsal nn
A: EXADIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi
How to check for LOM:

A
  1. Supine hooklying – PPT
  2. B arm elevate 180 c ER

(+): inability to perform or APT
Indic: Tight LD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Latissimus Stretching

A

Stabilize Sup aspect of pelvis OR Lat
aspect of thorax
Bring Sh to FABER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Teres Major Stretching

A

Stabilize Axillary border of Scap
Bring Sh to FABER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Levator Scapulae

Nerve?
Action?
How to isolate contraction?
Stretching?

A

N: Dorsal scapular nn
A: Elevation & Scapular DR

How to isolate contraction:
Forearm at the back then shrug

Stretching: C/L LF, C/L Rot
Michael Jackson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rhomboids
Nerve?
Action?

Strength testing?

A

N: DSN
A: Scap Add/Retraction & DR

  • raise hand away from back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deltoids
Active in all Sh motions except?

Nerve?
Action?

A

Active in all Sh motions except ADDUCTION

N: Axillary nn
A: Ant – Flex & IR
Mid – pure Abd
Post – Ext & ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACCESSORY JOINTMOTION
0
1 –
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 –
6 –

A

0- ankylosis
1 – Considerable hypomobility
2 – Slightly hypomobility
3 – Normal
4 – Slightly hypermobility
5 – Considerable hypermobility
6 – unstable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE RIBS:
* FALSE RIBS:
* FLOATING RIBS:

A

TRUE RIBS: 1-7
* FALSE RIBS: 8-10
* FLOATING RIBS: 11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 JOINTS Ribs

A

Costotransverse Joint
= Ribs + TP
Costochondral Joint
= Ribs + cartilage
Costovertebral Joint
= Ribs + vertebra

Ct
Cc
Cv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Murphy’s Percussion Test

aka?

Procedure?
(+)
Indication

A

a.k.a. test for costovertebral tenderness

Px: Sitting/Prone
Percuss at CV angle (12th rib &
V column)
(+): back/flank pain
Indic: kidney/renal dysfxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clavicle (Collar Bone)

Orientation?

MOI

A

Orientation:
Laterally – concave forward
Medially – convex forward

MOI: FOOSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most commonly fractured bone?

A

Clavicle (Collar Bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

Function:

Orientation
Glenoid Fossa:
Humeral Head:

A

Function: attachment to many ms

Orientation
Glenoid Fossa: SAL
Humeral Head: MPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

(N) distance from vertebral body:
Acromion:
Coracoid process:
Suprascapular notch:

A

(N) distance from vertebral body:
6 cm/ 2-3fingerbreadths
Acromion: highest point of shoulder
Coracoid process:
-pecs Mn insertion
-SA of biceps origin
Suprascapular notch:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Landmarks:

T2-
T3-
T7-

A

T2-superior angle
T3-spine
T7-inferior angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humerus

Function:
Neck-shaft angle:

Crutch Palsy
Acute =
Chronic =

Surgical Neck:
1
2

Spiral Groove:
1
2

Ulnar Groove:

A

Function: attachment to many ms
Neck-shaft angle: 135 degrees

Crutch Palsy: Acute = Axilllary nn
: Chronic = Radial nn

Surgical Neck:
-Common site of stable Fx
-Axillary nn

Spiral Groove:
-Radial nn
-(Triceps spared)

Ulnar Groove: Ulnar nn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

X-RAY Identification

Least to Highest

A

AIR
FAT
WATER
SOFT TISSUE
BONE
METAL IMPLANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Joints of the shoulder region

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. SC - sternoclavicular
  2. AC - acromioclavicular
  3. GH - glenohumeral
  4. ST – scapulothoracic (not a truejoint)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sternoclavicular Joint

Type of joint?
Degrees of freedom?

MOI?
Special Test?

Joint Mob:
Protract/Retract:
Elevation /Depression:

A

Type of joint: Saddle
Degrees of freedom:
-Elevation/Depression
-Protraction/Retraction
-Rotation: (abd beyond 90)

MOI: Fall on Lat aspect of Sh
ST: AC Crossover Test

Joint Mob:
Protract/Retract: Same
Elevation /Depression: opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sternoclavicular Joint OPP CPP CP
Open Pack Position: Arms at side Close Pack Position: Full Elevation and Protraction Capsular Pattern: Pain at extremes of range of motion especially horizontal adduction and full elevation
26
Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular Joint Limits? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Limits Clavicle 1. Interclavicular – Limits depression 2. Ant SC ligament – Limits retraction 3. Post SC ligament –Limits protraction 4. Costoclavicular ligament - Most impt (strongest) - Both – Limits elevation - Ant band – Limits retraction - Post band – Limits protraction
27
Supraspinatus Nerve? Action?
N: Suprascapular nn A: Initiates Abd **prone to injury (supraspinatus tendinitis)
28
Supraspinatus/Empty Can/Jobe Test 1st 2nd (+): Indic
1st = Abd 90 c neutral rot then PT resist Abd 2nd = IR & angled forward to 30 then PT resist Abd (+): weakness or pain Indic: Supraspinatus ms or tendon tear or Suprascapular nn neuropathy
29
Drop arm test/ Codman test 1st (+): Indic
Abd 90 ❑ Ask px to slowly drop the arm ❑ (+) unable to slowly drop = no eccentrics of rotator cuff ❑ Indic: RC tear
30
Infraspinatus Nerve? Action?
N: Suprascapular nn A: ER esp. strongest if arms are at the sides
31
Infraspinatus Test: Procedure (+): Indic
❑ Arms at the side, elbow 90, Sh IR 45 degrees ❑ PT applies medial rotation force while px resists by doing ER ❑ (+): pain or inability to resist IR ❑ Indic: Infraspinatus strain
32
Lateral Rotation Lag Sign (Infrapinatus “Spring Back” Test) Procedure (+): Indic
❑ T. Minor/ Infraspinatus ❑ Sitting/Standing ❑ PT passively Abd Sh to 90 and ER to end range ❑ Ask px to hold the position ❑ (+) inability or hand “springs back” or “lags” ant to the midline ❑ Infra/T. Minor weakness
33
Teres Minor Nerve? Action?
N: Axillary nn A: ER To isolate: Elbow 90, Sh Abd 90, ER resist
34
Hornblower’s Aka: Patte’s, Signe de Clairon Test Procedure (+): Indic Modification?
A: ❑ Sh 90 deg of scaption ❑ Ask px to ER against resistance ❑ (+): inability to perform ❑ Indic: T Minor tear B: Modification ❑ Ask px to bring hand to mouth s Abd ❑ (+) Abd moment = (+) Hornblower sign ❑ Indic: Massive RC tear
35
Subscapularis Nerve? Action?
N: Upper & lower subscapular nn A: IR
36
Lift-off sign/ Gerbers Test Procedure (+): Indic
❑ Dorsum of hand at the back ❑ Lift hand away from the back ❑ (+): inability to perform ❑ Indic: Subscapular lesion
37
Modified Lift-offsign or Subscapularis/Medial Rotation - Spring Back/Lag Test Procedure (+): Indic
❑ Passively IR at end range ❑ Ask px to hold position (A) ❑ (+): inability to hold position or “springs back” ant (B) ❑ Indic: Subscapularis affectation
38
Abdominal Compression Test aka Belly Press / Napoleon Test Procedure (+): Indic
❑ PT & px place hand at belly ❑ (+) inability to maintain pressure on examiner’s hand ❑ (+) compensates thru wrist ext, Sh ext, or moving of elbow forward ❑ Indic: Subscapularis tear
39
Holds the humeral head tightly against the glenoid to prevent subluxation when carrying weight in the hand
Rotator Cuff Dynamic Stabilization
40
Rotator Cuff Muscles?
* Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres minor
41
Teres Major Nerve? Action?
N: Lower subscapular nn A: EXADIR
42
Biceps brachii Nerve? Action?
N: Musculocutaneous nn A: Elbow flex, FA supination, & weak Sh flex May act as an Abd when Sh is in ER Palpation: EXABER
43
May act as an Abd when Sh is in ER
Biceps brachii
44
Triceps Brachii Nerve? Action?
N: Radial nn A: Elbow ext & weak Sh ext
45
Biceps brachii 2X? 4X?
2X Stronger than supinator at full elbow extension 4X Stronger than supinator at 90 deg elbow flexion
46
Supinator supinates best at full elbow ___________
Supinator supinates best at full elbow flexion
47
Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular Joint 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Interclavicular – limits depression 2. Anterior SC ligament -limits retraction 3. Posterior SC ligament - limit protraction 4. Costoclavicular ligament - BOTH: limits elevation - Anterior band - retraction - Posterior band – protraction
48
Acromioclavicular Joint Type of joint: Degrees of freedom: (3) MOI: LIGAMENTS:
Type of joint: Plane Degrees of freedom: Elevation/Depression Abduction/Adduction Rotation MOI: Direct blow/trauma to the Sh (Rugby players) LIGAMENTS: Anterior Posterior Coracoclavicular (strongest) – Trapezoid & Conoid
49
Acromioclavicular Joint OPP: CPP: CP: Painful Arc? AC GH
Open Pack Position: Arms at the side Close Pack Position: 90 degrees of abduction Capsular Pattern: Pain at extremes of range of motion Painful Arc: *AC 170-180 Abd Last 10° of Abd *GH: 60-120
50
Acromioclavicular Crossover Aka: Crossbody Test Horizontal Adduction Test Procedure (+): Indic
❑ Most sensitive (Gold Standard) for AC Jt ❑ Actively reach opposite Sh OR Passive F Flex & H Add ❑ (+): localized pain @ AC jt ❑ Can be (+) for SC patho (localized pain @ SC jt)
51
Acromioclavicular Joint OPP: CPP: CP: Painful Arc AC: Painful Arc GH:
Open Pack Position: Arms at the side Close Pack Position: 90 degrees of abduction Capsular Pattern: Pain at extremes of range of motion Painful Arc: *AC -170-180 Abd -Last 10° of Abd *GH: 60-120
52
Acromioclavicular Crossover Aka: Crossbody Test Horizontal Adduction Test Procedure (+): Indic
❑ Most sensitive (Gold Standard) for AC Jt ❑ Actively reach opposite Sh OR Passive F Flex & H Add ❑ (+): localized pain @ AC jt ❑ Can be (+) for SC patho (localized pain @ SC jt)
53
Rockwood Classification of AC Jt Injury 1. 2. 3. 4. 6.
Grade 1- sprained AC, intact CC Grade 2- ruptured AC, sprained CC Grade3-RupturedAC&CC Grade4- Ruptured AC & CC (posteriorly displaced) Grade5- Ruptured AC & CC (superiorly displaced) Grade 6- Ruptured AC & CC (inferiorly displaced)
54
Deformity that causes the distal end of clavicle is superior to the acromion process causes?
STEP DEFORMITY Causes: Step deformity resulting from AC dislocation
55
Definition: (+) sulcus below the acromion process Causes:
SULCUS SIGN Causes: B. GH subluxation (stroke/deltoid ms. paralysis) C. Anterior dislocation at SC joint
56
Types of Acromion 1. 2. 3. 4.
A. Flat B. Curved – most common C. Hooked–commonly linked c shoulder impingement (rot cuff tear) D. Upturn/convex – least common
57
Glenohumeral Joint Unstable d/t: Dynamic Stability: Static Stability:
Unstable d/t: Large HHead, Small Glenoid Fossa Dynamic Stability: Rot Cuff Static Stability: Ligaments & Labrum (deepens glenoid cavity)
58
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT Type of Joint: Enarthrodial jt OPP: CPP: CP: Movements:
Type of Joint: Open Packed Position: 55 Abd, 30 H Add Close PackedPosition: 90 Abd, Full ER Capsular Pattern: ER>Abd>IR = F Movements: Abduction/Adduction Flexion/Extension IR/ ER
59
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT To increase flexion and IR = To increase extension and ER = To increase abduction = **To increase ER in patients with frozen shoulder =
To increase flexion and IR = posterior glide To increase extension and ER = anterior glide To increase abduction = inferior glide **To increase ER in patients with frozen shoulder = posterior glide
60
Ligaments limits 1. SGHL– 2. MGHL – 3. IGHL Ant: Post: 4. CHL –
1. SGHL– limitsER @ 0-45; 2. MGHL – limits ER @ 45-60 3. IGHL Ant: limits ER 45-180 Post: limits IR 45-180 4. CHL – limit ER 0-60
61
Scapulothoracic Joint Aka: Function: MOVEMENTS:
Aka: Scapulohumeral/Scapulocostal *not a true joint Function: Adds mobility to GH joint ➢ELEVATION/ DEPRESSION ➢PROTRACTION/ RETRACTION ➢UPWARD/ DOWNWARD ROTATION ➢Landmark: Glenoid Fossa ➢ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR TILTING/TIPPING ➢Landmark: Superior Scapula
62
SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM REQUIREMENTS FOR FULL ARMELEVATION * R – * I – * S – * E – Functions: 1. 2. 3.
* R – Rotation of the clavicle posteriorly * I – Inferior translation of the HHead * S – Scapular stabilization * E – ER of the HHead Functions: 1. Increase ROM of arm 2. Maintain articulation 3. Maintains length tension relationship
63
SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM Divided into 3 phases: PHASE 1 (Setting phase) PHASE 2 PHASE 3
Definition-GH-ST-Clavicle Pure GH only -- 0-30 -- No ratio -- 30 - Elev 0-5 30-90 2:1 -- 40 -- 20 Elev -- 10-15 90-180 2:1 -- 60 -- 30 -- Elev 15 Post Rot 30-50
64
Coracoacromial Arch AKA: Function: 1. 2. 3.
AKA: Suprahumeral arch Function: Passageway of important structures 1. Supraspinatus tendon 2. Subacromial bursa (lubrication, ↓ friction during Sh motion) 3. Long head of biceps
65
Lesser & greater tubercle Holds long head of biceps with the help of _______ ligament.
Transverse humeral ligament
66
Speed’s Test aka: Biceps or Straight-Arm Test Procedure (+): Indic ❑ Maybe (+) in px c __________
❑ Resist F Flex while elbow ext & FA supinated 1st ❑ then pronated ❑ (+): tenderness in bicipital groove (esp. supination) ❑ Indic: Bicipital Paratenonitis/tendinosis ❑ Maybe (+) in px c SLAP Type 2 lesion LBC - Labral Biceps Complex
67
Yergason’s ❑ 1° tests the ability of _____ to hold the _______ ❑ Palpate: _________ ❑ 1st = ❑ 2nd = ❑ (+): ❑ (+): tenderness =
❑ 1° tests the ability of THL to hold the biceps tendon ❑ Palpate: bicipital groove ❑ 1st = Elbow flex 90, FA pronated, Sh IR (used to give way to step 2) ❑ 2nd = Px ER & supination c PT resist ❑ (+): popping out of biceps tendon from groove = Torn THL ❑ (+): tenderness = Bicipital paratenonitis (+) = THL pathology
68
1. Pectoralis Major 2. Pectoralis Minor Nerve? Action?
1. Pectoralis Major N : Lateral & Med pectoral nn A : FADIR (clavicular fiber) 2. Pectoralis Minor N : Med pectoral nn A : Elevates Ribs (Inspiration), Ant tilting of the scapula, Depress point of sh
69
Pectoralis Major Contracture Test Procedure (+): Indic
Px position: Supine Clasps hands behind the head then PT lowers the elbow (EXABER) (+): elbows did not touch the table Indic: Pecs Major tightness
70
Pectoralis Minor Contracture Test Procedure (+): Indic
Px position: Supine Arms flexed 30 c bolster/foam roller underneath then PT pushes coracoid process towards table (+): Scapula did not touch the table Indic: Pecs Minor tightness
71
Pectoralis Minor Active Stretching 1. 2. 3.
Pectoralis Minor Active Stretching 1. Elevate coracoid process 2. Posterior tilting of scapula 3. Exhalation
72
Serratus Anterior Nerve? Action?
* N: Long thoracic nn * A: Protraction & UR scapula
73
Medial winging (open book) Muscle involved: Nerve involved: Degrees: Affected in: Pt will have difficulty in:
Medial winging Muscle involved: SA Nerve involved: LTN Degrees: >90 deg Affected in: Radical Mastectomy Pt will have difficulty in: combing hair
74
Lateral winging (closed door) Muscle involved: Nerve involved: Degrees: Affected in: Pt will have difficulty in:
Muscle involved: Trapezius Nerve involved: CN 11 Degrees: <90 Affected in: Pt will have difficulty in:
75
Downward rotators? Upward rotators?
Downward rotators - Lev scap - pecs minor - rhomboids Upward rotators? - Upper and Lower Trapezius - SA
76
Punch out test ❑ 1st = PT applies (+): Indic: ❑ 2nd = d/t _____palsy or ______ (+) winging = (-) winging =
❑ 1st = F Flex 90 & IR PT applies backward force (+): winging Indic: SA weakness ❑ 2nd = DDx if SA weakness d/t LTN palsy or post instab F Flex 90 & ER (+) winging = LTN palsy (-) winging = post instab
77
Trapezius Nerve? Action?
N: Spinal Accessory nn (CN XI) A: U: Elevates scap M: Retraction L: Depresses scap
78
Latissimus Dorsi Nerve? Action? Check for LOM: 1. 2. (+):
N: Thoracodorsal nn A: EXADIR Check for LOM: 1. Supine hooklying – PPT 2. B arm elevate 180 c ER (+): inability to perform or APT Indic: Tight LD
79
(+) Tightness of Lats if there is lordosis
hooklying c Faber and standing
80
Biceps brachii Nerve? Action?
N: Musculocutaneous nn A: Elbow flex, FA supination, & weak Sh flex May act as an Abd when Sh is in ER Palpation: EXABER
81
Triceps Brachii Nerve? Action?
N: Radial nn A: Elbow ext & weak Sh ext
82
Biceps Brachii - Biceps as a FA ______________ - 2x stronger than Supinator ms at __________ - 4x stronger than Supinator ms at __________________
- Biceps as a FA supinator - 2x stronger than Supinator ms at full elbow ext - 4x stronger than Supinator ms at 90 deg elbow flex
83
Trapezius MMT of Upper trapz: Lower trapz: All fibers c SA –
U: Shrugs M: prone, Abd 90 elbow flex 90 then ask patient to retract L: prone, thumbs up 120abd then ask patient to retract All fibers c SA – Scapular UR

UE Extremity part 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions