UE Joints Flashcards
What are the two joints of the pectoral girdle?
Sterno-Clavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
What are the three ligaments involved with Sterno-Clavicular joint and what bony structures do they attach?
- Sternoclavicular ligaments: sternum and clavicle
- Interclavicular ligaments: between clavicles
- Costoclavicular ligaments: ribs and clavicle
What type of structure is the Sterno-Clavicular joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Saddle joint
Allows 60 degree angle of clavicle during limb elevation and 30 degree AP movement
What are the three ligaments involved with Acromioclavicular joint and what bony structures do they attach?
- Acromiclavicular ligament: acromion and clavicle
- Coracoacromial ligament: coracoid process and acromion
- Coracoclavicular ligament: coracoid process and clavicle; has 2 ligaments (Conoid and Trapezoid)
What type of structure is the Acromioclavicular joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Complex, plane-shaped synovial joint
Involved in raising humerus above shoulder active rotation of the scapula aka glenoid up)
With a severe AC dislocation, which two ligaments are torn?
Acromiclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament
What type of structure is the Glenohumeral joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Synovial, ball and socket joint
Involved with arm medial/lateral rotation, arm abduction/adduction, arm flexion/extension and arm circumduction
What is the weak area of the GH joint and what is the most common injury?
Anterior/inferior aspect
Anterior dislocation
What type of structure is the Scapulothoracic joint and what type of movement does it allow?
A physiological joint; formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and the concave surface of the anterior scapula
Involved with depression, elevation, rotation, protraction and retraction of the scapula
What is the snapping scapula syndrome and which joint does it involve?
Commonly caused by bursitis of the bursa between the subscapularis and thoracic cage; could also be caused by adhesion of the subscapularis muscle or serrates anterior muscle
Occurs at the Scapulothoracic joint
What is the scapulothoracic rhythm?
Timing of movement at the GH joint and Scapulothoracic joints during shoulder elevation
First 30 degrees of elevation movement is only GH movement THEN scapula and humerus move in a 1:2 ratio
What are the three different articulations of the elbow joint, and what bony structures do they attach? What actions do each articulation permit?
- Humero-Ulnar joint: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna; permit flexion/extension
- Humero-Radial joint: capitulum of humerus and radial head of radius; permit flexion/extension
- Proximal radio-ulnar joint: radial notch of ulna and radial head of radius; permit supination/pronation
What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?
- Radial collateral ligament
- Anula ligament
- Ulnar collateral ligament
What is the Tommy John procedure and what population is it most common in?
Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL); involves a long tendon transplant
Common with baseball pitchers
What is subluxation?
Partial dislocation at a joint
What types of fractures are often associated with a posterior elbow dislocation?
- Fracture of radial head
- Fracture of ulnar coronoid/olecranon process
Which nerve may be damaged with a posterior elbow dislocation, and why?
Ulnar n.
The nerve runs posteriorly around the medial epicondyle
Which nerve may be damaged with an anterior elbow dislocation, and why?
Brachial a. and Median n.
Both travel closely together through the cubital fossa (anterior)
What is a Nursemaid’s elbow? Why is this injury more common with children?
Subluxation and dislocation of the radial head
Common in children under 5 years old (mostly girls) because the radial head is not fully developed and the angular ligament (surrounds radial head) is lax
What type of structure is the Distal Radio-Ulnar joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Pivot joint between the ulnar head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
Involves rotation of the distal radius around the ulnar head
- Resting between pronation and supination
What type of structure is the wrist joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Synovial condyloid joint between the distal radius and the proximal carpal row
Involved with hand flexion/extension, and hand abduction/adduction
Which two joints involve an articular disc and what are the two bony structures being separated?
- Distal Radio-Ulnar joint: ulna and carpal joints
- Wrist joint: ulna and carpal joints
What type of structure are the Carpal (IC) joints and what type of movement do they allow?
Synovial joints between the carpal bones
Involved with hand abduction/adduction, and hand flexion/extension
What type of structure are the Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints and what type of movement do they allow (think 2 types)?
Synovial joints between the carpal bones and metacarpal bones (pollex is a saddle joint, digits 2-5 are plane joints)
Pollex: Involved with flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation, circumduction
Digits 2-5: Involved with gliding
What type of structure are the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and what type of movement do they allow?
Synovial condylar joints between the MC heads and bases of the proximal phalanges
Involved in finger flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction
What are the ligaments of the MCP joint and where are they located?
- Palmar ligaments: anterior on each digit (not pollex)
- Medial and lateral collateral ligaments: sides of each digit
- Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments: between digits (constrain movement)
What is Skier’s Thumb? Which ligaments are damaged?
Hyperabduction of the MCP joint at the pollex
Collateral ligaments of 1st MCP joint are ruptured
What type of structure are the Interphalangeal (IP) joints and what type of movement do they allow?
Synovial hinge joints between the phalanges
Permit flexion/extension of fingers
What are the two types of IP joints?
- PIP: proximal interphalangeal joints
- DIP: distal interphalangeal joints
What are the six movements permitted by the pollex?
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Extension
- Opposition
- Reposition
