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Human Anatomy Exam #1 > UE Joints > Flashcards

UE Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two joints of the pectoral girdle?

A

Sterno-Clavicular joint

Acromioclavicular joint

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2
Q

What are the three ligaments involved with Sterno-Clavicular joint and what bony structures do they attach?

A
  • Sternoclavicular ligaments: sternum and clavicle
  • Interclavicular ligaments: between clavicles
  • Costoclavicular ligaments: ribs and clavicle
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3
Q

What type of structure is the Sterno-Clavicular joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

Saddle joint

Allows 60 degree angle of clavicle during limb elevation and 30 degree AP movement

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4
Q

What are the three ligaments involved with Acromioclavicular joint and what bony structures do they attach?

A
  • Acromiclavicular ligament: acromion and clavicle
  • Coracoacromial ligament: coracoid process and acromion
  • Coracoclavicular ligament: coracoid process and clavicle; has 2 ligaments (Conoid and Trapezoid)
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5
Q

What type of structure is the Acromioclavicular joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

Complex, plane-shaped synovial joint

Involved in raising humerus above shoulder active rotation of the scapula aka glenoid up)

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6
Q

With a severe AC dislocation, which two ligaments are torn?

A

Acromiclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

What type of structure is the Glenohumeral joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

Synovial, ball and socket joint

Involved with arm medial/lateral rotation, arm abduction/adduction, arm flexion/extension and arm circumduction

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8
Q

What is the weak area of the GH joint and what is the most common injury?

A

Anterior/inferior aspect

Anterior dislocation

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9
Q

What type of structure is the Scapulothoracic joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

A physiological joint; formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and the concave surface of the anterior scapula

Involved with depression, elevation, rotation, protraction and retraction of the scapula

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10
Q

What is the snapping scapula syndrome and which joint does it involve?

A

Commonly caused by bursitis of the bursa between the subscapularis and thoracic cage; could also be caused by adhesion of the subscapularis muscle or serrates anterior muscle

Occurs at the Scapulothoracic joint

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11
Q

What is the scapulothoracic rhythm?

A

Timing of movement at the GH joint and Scapulothoracic joints during shoulder elevation

First 30 degrees of elevation movement is only GH movement THEN scapula and humerus move in a 1:2 ratio

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12
Q

What are the three different articulations of the elbow joint, and what bony structures do they attach? What actions do each articulation permit?

A
  • Humero-Ulnar joint: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna; permit flexion/extension
  • Humero-Radial joint: capitulum of humerus and radial head of radius; permit flexion/extension
  • Proximal radio-ulnar joint: radial notch of ulna and radial head of radius; permit supination/pronation
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13
Q

What are the three ligaments of the elbow joint?

A
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • Anula ligament
  • Ulnar collateral ligament
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14
Q

What is the Tommy John procedure and what population is it most common in?

A

Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL); involves a long tendon transplant

Common with baseball pitchers

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15
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Partial dislocation at a joint

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16
Q

What types of fractures are often associated with a posterior elbow dislocation?

A
  • Fracture of radial head

- Fracture of ulnar coronoid/olecranon process

17
Q

Which nerve may be damaged with a posterior elbow dislocation, and why?

A

Ulnar n.

The nerve runs posteriorly around the medial epicondyle

18
Q

Which nerve may be damaged with an anterior elbow dislocation, and why?

A

Brachial a. and Median n.

Both travel closely together through the cubital fossa (anterior)

19
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s elbow? Why is this injury more common with children?

A

Subluxation and dislocation of the radial head

Common in children under 5 years old (mostly girls) because the radial head is not fully developed and the angular ligament (surrounds radial head) is lax

20
Q

What type of structure is the Distal Radio-Ulnar joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

Pivot joint between the ulnar head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

Involves rotation of the distal radius around the ulnar head
- Resting between pronation and supination

21
Q

What type of structure is the wrist joint and what type of movement does it allow?

A

Synovial condyloid joint between the distal radius and the proximal carpal row

Involved with hand flexion/extension, and hand abduction/adduction

22
Q

Which two joints involve an articular disc and what are the two bony structures being separated?

A
  • Distal Radio-Ulnar joint: ulna and carpal joints

- Wrist joint: ulna and carpal joints

23
Q

What type of structure are the Carpal (IC) joints and what type of movement do they allow?

A

Synovial joints between the carpal bones

Involved with hand abduction/adduction, and hand flexion/extension

24
Q

What type of structure are the Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints and what type of movement do they allow (think 2 types)?

A

Synovial joints between the carpal bones and metacarpal bones (pollex is a saddle joint, digits 2-5 are plane joints)

Pollex: Involved with flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation, circumduction
Digits 2-5: Involved with gliding

25
Q

What type of structure are the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and what type of movement do they allow?

A

Synovial condylar joints between the MC heads and bases of the proximal phalanges

Involved in finger flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation and circumduction

26
Q

What are the ligaments of the MCP joint and where are they located?

A
  • Palmar ligaments: anterior on each digit (not pollex)
  • Medial and lateral collateral ligaments: sides of each digit
  • Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments: between digits (constrain movement)
27
Q

What is Skier’s Thumb? Which ligaments are damaged?

A

Hyperabduction of the MCP joint at the pollex

Collateral ligaments of 1st MCP joint are ruptured

28
Q

What type of structure are the Interphalangeal (IP) joints and what type of movement do they allow?

A

Synovial hinge joints between the phalanges

Permit flexion/extension of fingers

29
Q

What are the two types of IP joints?

A
  • PIP: proximal interphalangeal joints

- DIP: distal interphalangeal joints

30
Q

What are the six movements permitted by the pollex?

A
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Opposition
  • Reposition

Human Anatomy Exam #1 (4 decks)

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