UE Injuries Flashcards
What is a Colles’ Fracture?
Fracture at the distal end of the radius or ulna. Usually a result of a fall from an outstretched hand, forcing radius and ulna into hyper extension.
What do you do for Mallet Finger? (treatment wise)
Splint finger in extension for 6-8 weeks. pt. is unable to remove splint for this time frame.
What is a Smith Fracture?
Anterior displacement of distal fragment of radius
What is the most common wrist injury?
Wrist Sprain
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury (TFCC)
Forced hyperextension, falling on outstretched hand. Violent twist or torque of the wrist. Commonly associated with sprain of UCL
Tenosynovitis
Repetitive wrist acceleration and deceleration. Overuse injury of the tendons and sheaths
What is a Bishop, or Benediction hand? (ulnar n.)
6 shooter
What is Drop wrist?
Gay Hand
Claw Hand , Ape Hand?
Flexion at proximal phalangeal joint
What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
compression of the median nerve due to inflammation of tendons and sheath of carpal tunnel.
What does Phalen’s test test for?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. (reverse Prayer stretch)
Hoffman’s Disease (De Quervain’s Disease)
narrowing of the tendon sheath of the thumb
What are the ways of internal administration of drugs?
inhalation, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, intraspinal, intravenous, oral, rectal, sublingual/buccal, intravaginal
What are the ways of external administration of drugs?
inunctions (oil based medications rubbed into skin), Ointments (topical), Pasters(non-fat based), Plasters (thick ointment), Transdermal patches, solutions.
What is a drug vehicle?
Inactive substance used to transport drug into body
What is the difference between administering a drug and dispensing a drug?
Administering is a single dose.
Dispensing a drug constitutes providing a sufficient quantity to be used for multiple doses.
What is an antiseptic drug?
applied to a living organism to kill bacteria and inhibit growth
What is a disinfectant?
applied to kill non-living organism (for surfaces)
What is a germicide?
Designed to destroy bacteria
What is the most widely used skin disinfectant?
Alcohol
What is an antifunal agent?
medication used to treat fungal infections. (Lamisil = most common)
What is an antibiotic?
anti-life. disrupt metabolic processes of pathogenic microorganisms. Penicillin and cephalosporin (most common). Used to treat skin and systemic infections, as well as interfere with metabolism of bacteria.
What are the two goals for someone with asthma?
Manage and Control
What are Counterirritants and local anesthetics? Examples?
analgesics that give relief by causing systemic and topical analgesia. Application causes local increase in circulation, redness, and rise in skin temp. Icy hot, spray and stretch, biofreeze.
What are Narcotic Analgesics? mechanism? Examples?
Derived from opium or synthetic opiates (morphine, codine). Designed to depress pain impulse and respiratory center.
What are non-narcotic analgesics and antipyretics designed for?
Designed to depress pain without losing consciousness.
Acetaminophen: What is it used for? What is the common name for it? Issues/flaws?
AKA Tylenol. Effective analgesic and antipyretic. no anti-inflammatory effects. Does NOT irritate GI system. Over-ingestion can lead to liver disease. Commonly found in products designed to treat the flu.
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin). Everything about it.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic. Generally causes GI issues. Over-ingestion can lead to tinnitus and dizziness. Reye’s syndrome is associated when given to adolescents. Allergic reaction –> anaphylaxis may occur. Should not be given to pt. who participates in contact sports due to its’ anticoagulant properties
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic properties. Inhibit protaglandin synthesis and effective for osteo and rheumatoid arthritis. Reduces pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, fever, and local inflammation. NSAIDs are associated with an increased risk for CV event (MI, stroke, hypertension). May increase GI bleeding and ulceration.
Corticosteroids
Primarily for chronic inflammation of musculoskeletal and joint problems. Cortisone is primarily drug of injection. also administered via phono and ionto
Antacids
Treats GI disorders. Neutralizes acidity in upper GI. Relief of acid indigestion, heartburn, peptic ulcers. Overuse can cause electrolyte imbalance
Antimetics
Used to treat nausea and vomiting. Works locally (mucosal lining of stomach) works centrally (affects brain; making it less sensitive to nerve impulses from inner ear and stomach.
What is acute Diarrhea?
Acute symptoms. Accompanied by chills, vomiting, intense cramp and pain. will typically run course and stop irritating when agent is removed from system.
What is Chronic Diarrhea?
may last for days or weeks and may be the result of something more serious.
Histamine-2 Blockers
Reduces stomach acid by blocking histamine on certain stomach cells. Used to treat peptic ulcers and gastric ulcers. Zantac and Tagament.
Protein Pump Inhibitors (omerprazole)
Used to suppress gastric acid secretion. treats erosive esophagitis and symptoms of gastroesophegeal re-flux disease. Prevents Gastric Ulcer.
Nasal Decongestant
Number of topical nasal decongestant available.
Antitussive
Cough suppressant
Expectorant
Loosens stuff up to cough it out.
Antihistamine
often added to decongestant. beneficial for allergies. impairs body’s ability to dissipate heat.
Symphathomimetics
Reduces spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle. epinephrine
Vasocontrictors
Most often administered externally at site of bleeding (afirin for nose bleeds) epinephrine and adrenaline commonly use
Hemostatic Agents
immediately inhibit bleeding. Zeolite Granuals (QuikClot) and chitosan (HemoCon). used as specialized dressing to manage hemmorage.
Anti-coagulants
Heparin. prolongs clotting time, but will not dissolve the clot once formed. Coumarin
What are the drugs that can increase the rate of heat illness?
anticholinergic and antihistamines - decrease sweating machanisms
Sympathomimetic Amines - may predispose pt. to heat stroke
Phenothiazines - impact hot/colt temp regulation
Diuretics - alters volume expansion and cutaneous vasodilation
What Kinebock’s Disease?
Loss of blood supply to the lunate bone, resulting in osteonecrosis.
What are the three major carpal bones injured in the hand?
Scaphoid, lunate, hamate.`
