UE Facts Flashcards
Rotator cuff msucles
C5-6
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Suprascapular n. initial arm abduction
Most commonly injured (tendinopathy)
Infraspinatus
Suprascapular n., lateral arm rot. pitching injury
Teres minor
Axillary n. - adduct and laterally rotate arm
Subscapularis
Upper/lower subscapular nn. medially rotates and adducts arm
Muscles of arm abduction and nerves
Supraspinatus- suprascapular n.
Deltoid- axillary n.
Trapezius- CN XI
Serratus anterior- long thoracic n.
Medial epicondylits
Golfer’s elbow, repetitive flexion, pain is medial
Lateral epicondylits
Tennis elbow, repetitive extension, pain is lateral
Wrist bones
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
Scaphoid is in anatomical snuff-box, broken in FOOSH leading to avasc. necrosis
Dislocation of lunate can lead to CTS
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Entrapment of median nerve in CT leading to thenar wasting, but sensory sparing (palmar cutaneous branch)
Assoc. with pregnancy, RA, hypothyroidism, diabetes, acromegaly, dialysis-related amyloidosis, or repetitive use.
Tinel sign/ Phalen maneuver (percussion/flexion)
Guyon canal syndrome
Ulnar n. compressed, cyclists
Axillary n.
C5-6
Fx of surg. neck of humerus, disloc. of humerus
Present: flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction, loss of sensation over deltoid
Musculocutaneous n.
C5-7
Upper trunk compression
Loss of forearm flexion and supination
Loss of sensation over lateral forearm
Radial n.
C5-T1
Midshaft humeral fx (deep brachial a.)
Axillary compression
Wrist drop (loss of elbow, wrist, finger extension)
Decreased grip strength
Loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and lateral dorsal hand
Median n.
C5-T1
Supracondylar fracture of humerus (prox.)
CTS/ wrist laceration (distal)
Ape hand and sign of benediction
Loss of wrist flexion and 2LOAF
Loss of sensation over dorsal and palmar lateral 3.5 fingers with prox. lesion
Ulnar n.
C8-T1
Fx of medial epicondyle of humerus (prox) or hamate (distal)
On extension -> ulnar claw
radial deviation on wrist flexion (prox lesion)
loss of wrist flexion, flex of medial digits (interossei), medial 2 lumbricals
Loss of sensation in medial 1.5 fingers and hypothenar eminence
Recurrent branch of median n.
C5-T1
Ape hand
loss of thenar muscles (OAF)
no sensation loss
Erb’s palsy (waiter’s tip)
Upper trunk C5-6, lateral traction on neck during delivery or in adults, trauma
muscles effected: deltoid, supraspinatus (no abd.), infraspinatus (arm medially rotated), biceps (arm stuck extended and pronated)
Klumpke palst
Lower trunk (C8-T1) delivery, grabbing during a fall
Deficit in intrinsic hand muscles, lumbricals, interossei, thenar and hypothenar musc.
Total claw hand
Ptosis
Thoracic outlet
Compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels
Cervical rib or Pancoast tumor
Klumpke and edema
Winged scapula
Lesion of long thoracic nerve (axillary dissection)
Serratus anterior, cannot raise arm above horizontal
Ulnar claw
at rest/or during extension 4th and 5th digits can’t extend due to a distal ulnar nerve injury (hamate fx)
Sign of benediction
while making a fist, can’t contract 1st, 2nd and 3rd digits from a proximal median nerve injury
Median claw
while trying to extend fingers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd digit can’t extend
From a distal median nerve injury (CTS/ wrist laceration)
OK sign
While trying to make a fist, 3rd and 4th digits can’t
from a prox. ulnar n. injury
Ape hand
thenar wasting leading to unopposable thumbs in median n. lesions
Hypothenar atrophy
ulnar lesion
