UE Flashcards
force couple that upwardly rotates the scapula
(3 muscles)
upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior
force couple that downwardly rotates the scapula
(3 muscles)
rhomboids, levator scapula, pectoralis minor
what angle does the scapula lie in relation to the frontal plane? scapular angle
30 degrees
3 muscles attach to the coracoid process
coracobrachialis, short head of bicep brachii, pectoralis minor
what are the TRUE joints of the shoulder girdle
acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular
4 rotator cuff muscles
S upraspinatus
I nfraspinatus
T eres minor
S ubscapularis
3 muscles attach to the greater tubercle
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
muscle that attach to the lesser tubercle
subscapularis
muscles that retract the scapula
trapezius, rhomboids
muscles that protract the scapula
serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
muscles that depress the scapula
pectoralis minor, lower trapezius
muscles that elevate the scapula
upper trap, levator scapula, rhomboids
muscles that laterally/ externally rotate the shoulder
infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid
muscles that medially/internally rotate the shoulder
anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major
muscles that abduct the shoulder
deltoid, supraspinatus
muscle that flex the shoulder
anterior deltoid, bicep brachii long head, pectoralis major (clavicular fibers), coracobrachialis
muscles that extend the shoulder
posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, tricep brachi long head, pectoralis major (sternal fibers)
muscles that horizontally abduct the shoulder
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
muscles that horizontally adduct the shoulder
pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
3 main muscles that flex the elbow
bicep brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
muscles that extend the elbow
tricep brachii, anconeus
muscles that supinate the forearm
bicep brachii, supinator
muscles that pronate the forearm
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
muscles of the thenar eminence
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
Muscles of hypothenar eminence
flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
Proximal carpal bones
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
Distal carpal bones
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
Flexion/extension of the thumb occurs in what plane of motion?
frontal
Abduction/adduction of the thumb occurs in what plane of motion?
sagittal
What muscle attaches to the palmar aponeurosis?
palmaris longus
What muscles radially deviate (abduct) the wrist?
extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi radialis
What muscles ulnarly deviate (adduct) the wrist?
extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris
What nerve travels through the carpal tunnel?
median nerve
What digit articulates with the trapezium?
1st metacarpal (thumb)
What ligament holds the head of the radius in place?
annular
What bone must a muscle attach to in order to perform pronation or supination of the forearm?
radius
What group of forearm muscles attach to the medial epicondyle?
flexors
What group or forearm muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle?
extensors
Muscles innervated by the axillary nerve
deltoid, teres minor
Muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
Muscles innervated by the radial nerve
triceps brachii
supinator
anconeus
abductor pollicis longus
wrist/finger/thumb extensors (ECRL, ECRB, ECU, ED, EPL, EPB, EI)
Muscles innervated by the median nerve
pronator teres
pronator quadratus
wrist/finger flexors on radial side (FDS, FCR, PL, FPL, part of FDP)
Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve
FCU
part of FDP
interossei
3rd and 4th lumbricals
Hypothenar eminence (FDM, ADM, OM)
adductor pollicis
5 branches of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous
radial
ulnar
median
axillary
What is the functional position of the hand/wrist?
wrist slightly extended (35 degrees), fingers slightly flexed, thumb abducted
What muscle runs between the acromion and the head of the humerus.
supraspinatus
What type of joint is the thumb CMC?
saddle
(2 degrees of flexion + accessory movement of opposition)
What type of joint is the thumb MCP?
uniaxial hinge
What type of joints are the MCP of the 4 fingers?
biaxial condyloid
What type of joints are all the IP joints?
uniaxial hinge
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
biaxial condyloid
What joint is located between the two rows of carpal bones?
midcarpal joint
What arthrokinematic movements occur with radial/ulnar deviation
roll and glide
what angle does the scapula lie in relation to the frontal plane
30 degrees
bones involved in the shoulder girdle
sternum, clavicle, scapula
2:1 ratio of glenohumeral to scapular motion during shoulder elevation is
scapulohumeral rhythm
a joint that contains an interarticular disc, is a biaxial joint and is very stable.
the glenohumeral joint
lateral rotators of the shoulder joint include
teres minor, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid
which muscle act as a force couple in abducting the shoulder
deltoid, supraspinatus
muscle that performs shoulder extension, adduction, medial rot, hyperextension
latissimus dorsi
the action of the rotator cuff muscles is to
hold the head of the humerus within the glenoid fossa during osteokinematic movements of the shoulder
muscles that flex the elbow
bicep, brachialis, brachioradialis
the elbow joint is which type of joint
hinge
the angle formed btwn the long axis of the humerus and forearm during elbow extension is
carrying angle
ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and holds the radius against the ulna
annular ligament
triceps muscles attaches:
infraglenoid tubercle, posterior humerus to olecranon
muscle that attaches form distal half of humerus to coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
brachialis
for a muscle to act in supination or pronation on the forearm, it should attach to which bone
radius
elbow flexion and extension occurs in the ———- plane around a ——— axis
sagittal, frontal
end feel for humeroulnar joint (elbow) flexion is
soft
the proximal row of carpal bones glide —— during flexion
dorsal
which type of joint is the rapdiocarpal joint (wrist)
biaxial condyloid
during flexion and extension of the wrist, the flexor carpi ulnaris and the extensor carpi ulnaris act as
antagonist
wrist motion that allows the GREATEST ROM
ulnar deviation
carpal bone that articulates with the thumb
trapezium
along with the radial carpal joint, what other joint makes up the wrist
midcarpal joint
the ligament that limits extension of the wrist
palmar radiocarpal
the forearm muscles in general CAN attach to
medial and lateral epicondyles
interosseous membrane
radius of ulna
lateral supracondylar ridge
muscle that attaches from medial epicondyle to base of second and third metacarpals
flexor carpi radialis
the prime mover for finger adduction is
palmar interossei
the purpose of the retinaculum at the wrist is
to hold the extrinsic tendons close to the wrist
muscle that attaches from he upper 3/4 of the ulna. to the distal phalanx of the 4 fingers
flexor digitorum profundus
muscle attaches from the tendons of the flexor. digitorum profundus muscle to the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle
lumbricals
greatest available grip strength is found in which wrist position
neutral
muscle that attaches from medial epicondyle to psiform and base of fifth metacarpal
flexor carpi ulnaris
muscles that originate in the forearm (proximal to the wrist) and exert influence on finger or thumb motion are termed
extrinsic muscles
thenar muscles
FAO- “pollicis brevis
HYPO-thenar muscles
FAO- “digiti minimi
whats on the carpal tunnel
mediane nerve, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus tendon, flexor digitorum superficilis tendon
extrinsic vs intrinsic muscles
extrinsic muscles are the muscles that generate at the forearm, and instrinsic muscles at the wrist.
what is scapulohumeral rhythm
the relationship of movement btwn the shoulder girdle and the shoulder joint.
-First 30 degrees at glenohumeral joint, after initial abduction , 2 degrees of shoulder abduction must be accompanied by 1 degree of scapular upward rotation.
(2:1)
prehension pattern
positioning of thumb and fingers to grasp, seize and hold objects.
axis and plane of thumb for flx/ext
frontal plane- sagittal axis
types of grips
power grip (hammer), precision grip, cylindrical (thumb opposition), spherical, side to side (cigarrate), etc
what makes up the anatomical snuff box
(AEE)
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Muscles innervated by the flocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
5 primary branches of nerves
musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.
long thoracic nerve innervation
The long thoracic nerves solely innervates the serratus anterior muscle
joints btwn acromion and head of humerus
bursae, bicep tendon, joint capsule, supraspinatus
structure that transforms the carpal bones into a tunnel
transverse carpal ligament
carpal bones- proximal row
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, psiform
carpal bones- distal row
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
