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Unity and Diversity of Life > UDOL Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

UDOL Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Elements of life (smallest to largest)

A

electron, atom, cell, tissue

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2
Q

Elements of life (largest to smallest)

A

tissue, cell, atom, electron

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3
Q

Which type of molecules ends in -ose?

A

sugar

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4
Q

Which type of molecules ends in -ase?

A

enzyme

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5
Q

prokaryotes

A

lack a nucleus
DNA is less structured and shaped like a loop
unicellular
organelles: cell wall, cytoplasm, flagella and pili, nucleoids, plasmids
examples: bacteria, archaea

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6
Q

eukaryotes

A

contain a nucleus
made up of cells with membrane-enclosed organelles
DNA is bound in the nucleus
unicellular or multicellular
examples: animals, protists, plants, fungi
DNA is organized into chromosomes

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7
Q

genus

A

identified by the first part of a binomial, a group of species that share a recent common ancestor

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8
Q

species

A

a group of organisms capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

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9
Q

What are the three functions of proteins?

A

builds and repairs tissue, allows metabolic reactions to take place, coordinates bodily functions

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10
Q

Where do we find lipids?

A

in fats and oils

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11
Q

Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes

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12
Q

What are the cell membrane’s functions?

A

regulates what enters and leaves the cytoplasm, enclose cells lining the sweat glands

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13
Q

What is the purpose of phylogenetic trees?

A

displays the evolutionary relationships of organisms with a common ancestor

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14
Q

What is the end result of photosynthesis?

A

the production of carbohydrates and oxygen

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15
Q

Why are thylakoid membranes critical to photosynthesis?

A

stores chlorophyll and lumen, maintains concentration gradients

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16
Q

Why are chloroplasts critical to photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.

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17
Q

How is genetic material structured in prokaryotes?

A

loosely-structured, shaped like a loop

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18
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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19
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

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20
Q

What are the four macromolecules?

A

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

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21
Q

What do mitochondria produce in terms of energy?

A

ATP

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22
Q

cocci

A

coccus, round

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23
Q

bacilli

A

bacillus

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24
Q

mitochondria

A

mitochondrion

25
Q

cyto-

A

cell

26
Q

What does the plant cell wall primarily consist of?

A

cellulose

27
Q

lysosome

A

a type of protein and enzyme found in tears, mucus, and saliva
contains digestive enzymes

28
Q

lysosome secondary structure

A

consists of alpha helices and beta sheets, determined by hydrogen bonding

29
Q

lysosome tertiary structure

A

three-dimensional, formed by the interactions between amino acid side chains

30
Q

What is bound to an active site?

A

substrate

31
Q

How do bacteria divide?

A

through binary fission

32
Q

How do cells move?

A

using flagella and cilia

33
Q

flagellum

A

tails

34
Q

cilia

A

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane

35
Q

What is a strand of cocci called?

A

streptococci

36
Q

bacteriophage

A

complex shape with heads, sheaths, and tails

37
Q

How are viruses identified?

A

shape, size, nucleic acids, type of host

38
Q

gram-positive color

A

purple, blue

39
Q

gram-negative color

A

pink, red

40
Q

What is tonicity?

A

the measure of how much matter is in a solution

41
Q

What shape is a bacillus?

A

rod-shaped

42
Q

What shape is a coccus?

A

round

43
Q

How are trees connected?

A

by mycelium

44
Q

What do trees share with each other?

A

water, nutrients, nitrogen

45
Q

What are big trees known as?

A

mother trees, hub trees

46
Q

What does saline have the same tonicity as?

A

blood

47
Q

isotonic

A

having the same tonicity

48
Q

hypotonic

A

below, causes cells to burst

49
Q

hypertonic

A

above, shrivels up cells

50
Q

solute

A

dissolves in water

51
Q

solvent

A

water, H2O

52
Q

What do mitochondria produce?

A

Mitochondria produce ATP.

53
Q

What are the four body systems?

A

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, cranial vault, digestive tract

54
Q

digestive tract

A

GI tract, intestines, esophagus

55
Q

thoracic cavity

A

trachea, lungs, diaphragm

56
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

GI tract, abdomen, liver, spleen, kidneys

57
Q

How do humans influence animal behavior?

A

training, luring animals for hunting, feedlots, turning off lights to aid birds in migration, breeding

58
Q

What are three species of ruminants?

A

cows, sheep, goats

Unity and Diversity of Life (1 decks)

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