UCSP Reviewer

Question 1

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Social Behavior:
   Definition:

Answer 1

Refers to how individuals interact with
one another within a society. It includes actions and
reactions that occur in the context of social
relationships.

Question 2

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Social Behavior:
   Examples:

Answer 2

Family Interactions: The roles and expectations
within a family, such as parental authority and
sibling relationships.

Peer Groups: How friends influence each other’s
behavior, including norms around socializing,
fashion, and language.

Social Institutions: The role of schools, churches,
and other institutions in shaping behavior through
education, religion, and community norms.

Question 3

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Cultural Behavior:
   Examples:

Answer 3

Religious Practices: Rituals such as prayer, fasting,
and ceremonies specific to religious beliefs.

Cultural Festivals: Events like fiestas, dances, and
traditional ceremonies that reflect a community’s
heritage.

Language: The way language is used to
communicate values, stories, and traditions.

Question 3

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Cultural Behavior:
   Definition:

Answer 3

Encompasses the practices, beliefs, and
rituals that are characteristic of a particular group of
people.

Question 4

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Political Behavior:
   Definition:

Answer 4

Involves actions related to governance,
power, and decision-making within a society.

Question 5

1. Social, Cultural, and Political Behavior and
   Phenomena
   Political Behavior:
   Examples:

Answer 5

Voting: Participation in elections to choose leaders
or make decisions on public issues.

Activism: Engaging in protests, campaigns, or
advocacy to influence political change.

Governance: How laws are made and enforced, and
the role of citizens in holding leaders accountable.

Question 6

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Social Change:
   Definition:

Answer 6

Refers to significant alterations in the
social structure and behavior patterns over time.

Question 6

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Political Change:
   Definition:

Answer 6

Refers to changes in the way a society
governs itself, including shifts in power and
policies.

Question 7

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Cultural Change:
   Definition:

Answer 7

Involves the transformation of cultural
symbols, beliefs, and practices.

Question 7

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Social Change:
   Drivers:

Answer 7

Technology: The impact of innovations like the
internet and social media on communication and
social interactions.

Education: How increased access to education can
lead to shifts in societal values and expectations.

Social Movements: Examples include the Civil
Rights Movement, feminism, and environmental
activism, which have brought about changes in laws
and social attitudes.

Question 8

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Cultural Change:
   Examples:

Answer 8

Globalization: The blending and spreading of
cultures across the world, leading to the adoption of
foreign customs, foods, and languages.

Cultural Diffusion: The process by which cultural
elements are borrowed or adapted by other cultures,
such as the global popularity of Korean pop music
(K-pop).

Cultural Resistance: Efforts to preserve traditional
cultures against the influence of dominant or
foreign cultures.

Question 9

2. Social, Cultural, and Political Change
   Political Change:
   Examples:

Answer 9

Revolutions: Sudden and significant changes in
government, such as the French Revolution or the
People Power Revolution in the Philippines.

Reforms: Gradual changes, like the implementation
of new laws to improve social welfare or protect
human rights.

International Influence: How global organizations
like the United Nations or international treaties can
lead to changes in national policies.

Question 10

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Ethnocentrism:
   Definition:

Answer 10

The belief that one’s own culture is
superior to others, often leading to the judgment of
other cultures by one’s cultural norms.

Question 10

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Xenocentrism:
   Examples:

Answer 10

Consumer Preferences: Choosing foreign brands or
products because they are perceived as superior to
local ones.

Cultural Adoption: Embracing foreign customs or
fashion trends while disregarding or undervaluing
local traditions.

Question 10

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Xenocentrism:
   Definition:

Answer 10

The preference for the products, styles,
or ideas of another culture over one’s own.

Question 11

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Ethnocentrism:
   Examples:

Answer 11

Cultural Bias: Viewing other cultures as “primitive”
or “inferior” based on one’s own cultural standards.

Nationalism: The belief in the superiority of one’s
nation and culture, sometimes leading to
discrimination against foreigners or minorities.

Question 11

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Cultural Relativism:
   Definition:

Answer 11

The practice of understanding and
evaluating cultural practices within their own
context rather than through the lens of another
culture.

Question 12

4. Forms of Tangible and Intangible Heritage
   Tangible Heritage:
   Examples:

Answer 12

Monuments: Structures like the Banaue Rice
Terraces or the Rizal Monument that represent
cultural history.

Artifacts: Objects such as traditional clothing,
weapons, or pottery that reflect the material culture
of a society.

Architectural Sites: Historic buildings like churches,
temples, and ancestral homes that are preserved for
their cultural importance.

Question 12

3. Defining Xenocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and
   Cultural Relativism
   Cultural Relativism:
   Examples:

Answer 12

Cultural Understanding: Appreciating why certain
rituals, like traditional tattoos or food practices, are
significant within a culture.

Avoiding Judgment: Recognizing that practices
such as arranged marriages or communal living are
valid within the cultural contexts that support them.

Question 13

4. Forms of Tangible and Intangible Heritage
   Tangible Heritage:
   Definition:

Answer 13

Physical artifacts and places that have
historical, cultural, or social significance.

Question 14

4. Forms of Tangible and Intangible Heritage
   Intangible Heritage:
   Definition:

Answer 14

Non-physical aspects of culture,
including traditions, languages, and social practices.

Question 15

4. Forms of Tangible and Intangible Heritage
   Intangible Heritage:
   Examples:

Answer 15

Oral Traditions: Stories, legends, and folklore
passed down through generations.

Performing Arts: Traditional dances like the
Tinikling or music like the Kundiman that express
cultural identity.

Rituals and Festivals: Celebrations such as the
Ati-Atihan or Sinulog festivals that reflect the
religious and cultural beliefs of a community.

Question 16

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Identity Formation:
   Definition:

Answer 16

The process by which individuals
develop a sense of self within their cultural and
social environment.

Question 17

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Norms and Values:
   Definition:

Answer 17

Norms are the accepted rules of
behavior, while values are the beliefs that guide
those behaviors.

Question 18

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Identity Formation:
   Examples:

Answer 18

Cultural Identity: How being part of a specific
cultural group (e.g., Filipino, Muslim, Indigenous)
shapes one’s self-perception and interactions with
others.

Gender Identity: How society’s expectations of
gender roles influence an individual’s self-concept
and behavior.

Question 19

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Statuses and Roles:
   Status:
   Definition:

Answer 19

A person’s position in society, which
can be achieved (e.g., becoming a doctor) or
ascribed (e.g., being born into a royal family).

Question 20

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Norms and Values:
   Examples:

Answer 20

Social Norms: Expectations like respecting elders,
being polite in public, or adhering to dress codes.

Cultural Values: Beliefs in concepts like ‘Bayanihan’
(community spirit) or ‘Hiya’ (sense of
shame/modesty) that influence social behavior.

Question 21

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Statuses and Roles:
   Role:

Answer 21

The expected behavior associated with a
particular status.

Question 22

5. Enculturation and Socialization
   Statuses and Roles:
   Examples:

Answer 22

Role Conflict: When someone has conflicting
expectations from different statuses, like being a
student and an employee at the same time.

Role Strain: When the demands of a single status
are overwhelming, such as a teacher managing
multiple classes.

Question 23

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Hominid Evolution:
   Definition:

Answer 23

The process by which early human
species evolved over millions of years.

Question 24

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Hominid Evolution:
   Key Stages:

Answer 24

Australopithecus: One of the earliest human
ancestors, known for walking upright but still
having a small brain.

Homo habilis: Known as the “handyman,” this
species was the first to use simple stone tools.

Homo erectus: The first to leave Africa, use fire,
and have a more human-like body structure.

Homo sapiens: The modern human species, known
for advanced tool use, language, and culture.

Question 25

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Cultural Evolution of Man
   Definition:

Answer 25

The development of human culture
from simple to complex forms over time.

Question 26

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Sociopolitical Evolution of Man
   Key Developments:

Answer 26

Hunter-Gatherer Societies: Small, nomadic groups
with minimal social hierarchy and simple
decision-making processes.

Agrarian Societies: Larger, settled communities
with more complex social structures, including the
division of labor and the emergence of leadership
roles.

Industrial Societies: Societies characterized by the
use of machines, urbanization

Question 27

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Cultural Evolution of Man
   Key Developments:

Answer 27

Stone Tools: The first tools used for hunting and
gathering.

Language: The development of complex
communication, allowing for the transmission of
knowledge and culture.

Art and Religion: The creation of cave paintings,
sculptures, and religious rituals as expressions of
early human creativity and belief systems.

Agriculture: The shift from hunting and gathering to
farming, leading to settled communities and the rise
of civilizations.

Question 28

6. Biological Evolution of Man
   Sociopolitical Evolution of Man
   Definition:

Answer 28

The development of social and political
structures that organize human societies.