UCSP Q2 REVIEWER Flashcards
who proposed darwinism
Charles Darwin
new formation of a new body plan or the genes
genetic mutation
certain environmentally adopted biological features
natural selections
effects on the growth and development of the organism
homeobox
this suggestions that all things were made by God
days of creation story
collection of past experiences. events from the past that are recorded with written records.
history
what kind of discipline is history
european
it was before written records.
prehistory
ay ang lahat ng may saysay na isinalaysay na nakapagpabago sa lipunan. It is more of a Filipino discipline.
kasaysayan
here we analyze and discuss the development of man due to social interaction and its environment
cultural evolution
Paleolithic
old Stone Age
neolitic
New Stone Age
mesolithic
middle Stone Age
it was the transition period
between the paleolithic and neolithic period
mesolithic
→ 3 million years to 10000AC
→ First human species (2.5
millions years BC)
→ Use of fire (1 million years
BC)
Paleolithic period
→ 10000 BC
→ Agriculture begins (10000
BC)
neolithic period
3000BC to nowadays
history
→ 3000 BC to 476 AC
→ Invention of Writing (3000
BC)
ancient age
→ 476 AC to 1492 AC
→ Fall of Western Roman
Empire (476 AC)
medieval age
→ 1492 to 1789 AC
→ Columbus discovered
America (1492 AC)
modern age
→ 1789 AC to 2011AC
→ French Revolution (1789
AC)
contemporary age
oldest system of writing
cuneiform
where did cuneiform start
mesopotamia
how was cuneiform transcribed
in clays and was hardened
oldest discovered records in the Philippines were written in
baybayin
where was baybayin written
Laguna copperplate, dahon, bamboo, at sa mga trees
first fossils apes or hominoids began to appear I. Asia, Africa, and Europe
miocene
→ Homo and Homi
→ Human Beings Oxides
→ They are resembling to Human
Beings but they are not considered
human beings
→ They became extinct because of
climate change
hominoids
→ Bipedalism
→ Larger Brains and Bipedal
■ Pelvis bigger because they always squat
■ Their bone structures adjust
→ Locomotion
→ Curves on spine, shape of the
pelvis and shape of the foot bones
■ Spine curved because they
always slouch
early humans
are bipedal but have small brain size in portion to their bodies.
australopithecine
→ Smaller teeth and larger brains
→ Higher ability to learn
→ Better processing information
→ Close to dates where early stone
tools were discovered.
■ Because the archeological
sites of these archeologists saw other artifacts around them and when they carbon dated, it was closely dated
homo habilis/australopithecus
→ Larger Brain
→ More able to adapt in the
environment
→ Perceived through tools they made.
homo erectus
materials that was used to make
their tools and weapons was made out of stone
Stone Age
materials that was used to make
their tools and weapons was made out of bronze
bronze age
materials that was used to make their tools and weapons was made out of iron
Iron Age
they hunt and gather because they don’t know how to domesticate
Stone Age
→ Paleolithic tools are made of stones.
→ HOMOHABILIS or ABLE MAN O HANDY MAN first SPECIES of hominid .
■ they use the tools with the using their hands
→ Later on, HOMO ERECTUS emerged which is more advanced than Homo Habilis.
→ If you would check the tools, they use the tools for their protection as their weapons to kill their predators or for them to hunt for food.
lower Paleolithic
→ Neanderthals are the most
popular. They also have cave art.
→ This stone age people believe in the idea of life after death.
→ Fossils have been found in Europe, Asia and North Africa.
middle Paleolithic
→ Cro-Magnon
→ People who developed art.
→ It includes beads, necklaces and
bracelets. These are usually made out of precious stones. Before, precious stones were everywhere. Gold nuggets are everywhere. They also use bones and teeth of the wild animals that they kill. They use it as their necklaces, bracelets, and even as their weapons.
→ Theyalso”CaveArt’
→ Ifyouhaveatigerteethnecklace,
others will be scared. It is used to
intimidate other groups.
→ Biggerbonesarealsofor
architecture - settlements
upper Paleolithic
He is an archeologist. He discovered the 3rd metatarsal in Caliawa Cave in Luzon. This is the bone in the feet. This discovery changed the history of the world.
Arman Mejares
Usually they used stone, bronze, iron as their major component of their tools
neolithic
in the neolithic period, At first they were hunters and gatherers but they discovered food production based on their observations and experience that resulted in the
New Stone Age revolution
● They used polished stone and these were used for food production for them to hunt and to gather
● At first they were hunters and gatherers but they discovered food production based on their observations and experience that resulted in the New Stone Age Revolution.
● Food production in the different territories was considered a fundamental change that happened during this period.
neolithic
what did people discover about food production in the neolithic period?
domestication of animals, ariculture
how did they learn how to plant
They learned to plant because the fruits they ate had seeds and they spat and threw them away. They observed that what they spat on and threw away sprouted and they could see it growing and that discovered their agriculture.
because of domestication of animal and agriculture, they were less dependent on
wild food
They started to settle in specific areas they called
villages
during the neolithic period, social roles emerged. this was based on the role of their
parents
why did farmers settle in villages
to be near in the growing crops
all civilizations started because of
agriculture
true or false: When you are full, you are creative and think better. That’s what happened to civilizations. They are not busy looking for food because it is easy to get food from them. And because it is easy to get food from them,theyareabletothinkmore and become more productive, and make more art.
true
a measure of how rich a civilization is if it has
arts and sciences
civilization collapses when there is
chaos, hungry people, and conquerors
irrigation
connects
canals
divert
civilization comes from the latin word “civis” which means
a person who lives in a city
refers to societies which large members of people lives in cities
anthropology
Inhabitants of the cities that are socially stratified and governed by a ruling elite who work in a centralized political system.
states
→ from the mountains, if there were rains, the mineral called lows were washed away from the mountains and that made the yellow river yellowish in color
→ If the river is already yellowish that is an indicator that the river is rich in minerals
yellow river
river gives fertile soil
river of life
river can kill thousands of people
river of sorrow
when the floods subside,
river of hope
→ Just like its good for Agriculture
→ Considered as “Holy Rivers”for the Indian Civilization
indus and Ganges river
→ Twin river
→ Mesopotamia was formed
because of these rivers
tigris and Euphrates river
Literally means the land between
two rivers
Mesopotamia
→ River in Egypt
→ For Egyptian Civilizations, this river serves as a natural barrier for them.
nile
river of Indus Valley
Indus and Ganges river
river of china
Huang Ho and Yangtze
river of Eurasia
river thames
river of Mediterranean Sea
courts
river of mesoamerica
amazon
river of Aztecs civilization
river texcoco
what helps in the different growth of civilization.
rivers and bodies of water
→ In South Central Turkey
→ Neolithic Settlement ( 3000 - 6000
inhabitants)
→ There the villagers built a
rectangular flat roofed house made of oak and brick of dried mud. Entrance was the roof itself.
Catal Hyuk
→ Located in Cambodia
→ Itisbehindthemountainous
region. Mountains and rivers are natural barriers.
★ Possibleinvaderswillhave to deal with the natural barriers first which are the rivers.
★ Temples, priests, and elites were protected because they had a natural barrier
→ It is strategically located and organized where they will locate their temples
angkor wat
→ It is man made
→ Used for transporting goods
→ Main purpose was to protect the
Chinese territory from invaders
→ It is strategically located, organizedly planned, and
strategically designed. simply because (look at the drawing) Humans or archers can guard that. When someone climbs the wall, there is a spear that can be stuck there so they can’t just climb the wall. On this part of the wall, when there are invaders, there is either smoke or fire. It will notify the other towers that there are invaders.
Great Wall of china
Majorityofthegreatcivilizations and great religions in the world started in
Asia
It is an indicator of a high civilization if ___ were present.
religions
4 basic changes of neolithic period
agricultural innovation, diversification of labor, social stratification, taxes
→ Farming Methods
→ Water Infrastructure
→ Canals and Irrigations
→ As a result, the environment changed, and people changed. the lifestyle of the people and more crops, as a result the population grew.
→ There’s no feminism in the Philippines because we give high regards to women.
→ In civilization, women are very important.
agricultural innovation
→ Non-agricultural Activities
→ Specialization
→ Trade System
→ resulted to Artisans Craftsmen
→ Coppersmith, Silversmith, and Butchers
diversification of labor
→ Social Classes
→ Elites are usually are the people in
charged of the Government
→ Government
→ headed by the Elites during the early civilization
→ ensured that their cities were safe from their enemies by constructing
fortifications and raising an army
→ People pay taxes and after that laws, public works, and other memory and information (political, religious, and economic) were implemented because of how the taxes controlled the territory.
social stratification
→ are the lifeblood of the government
→ The government will take care of what you need if you pay taxes.
→ During that time, life was very simple. If we want to eat and survive in the territory just pay taxes to the government and they will protect you from invaders and wild animals.
taxes
→ earliest form of government
→ “theo”meansgod
→ The leaders were considered as
their gods, ancestors of gods, or related to gods. As a result, people were afraid of their gods. They think that gods controlled their lives.
theocracy
Arnold Toynbee is a Historian and Philosopher. He studied and analyzed civilizations. To sum up what he pointed out, he came up with the concept
“rise, peak, and fall” of civilization
The river civilizations were considered the ___. It gives life. Food and water is life.
river of life
But they lived near the river, calamities happened.
river of sorrow
Then if there’s sorrow, the river became
the river of fear
They did not leave the territory because for them “river is life” but “river of fear” happened. Leaders will ask for higher taxes to secure and protect their people. New infrastructure will be built.
Now, flooding is rare and not as high. So it became a
river of hope
Refers to the ways in which people respond to one another
social interaction
→ Collaborative efforts to achieve common goal
→ It is very important in real life situations
→ It is a 21st century skill that you need to develop
★ Teamsports ★ GroupPeTA
cooperation
Direct struggle between individuals or groups over commonly valued goals
conflict
→ One or more individual in opposing interaction toward attaining a similar goal
→ Only one can achieve the goal
→ If you lose, you will learn from your experience
→ This is not a negative concept. It will serve as a motivation and it may inspire people. But if in the process of competition, you will harm people then it will have a negative impact.
→ United, connectedness ,and networking
competition
individual or groups are forced to behave in a particular way
it can prove to be an effective social control
compelling people to comply with laws of instilling penalty
Using of penalty for them to follow
coercion
a voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in returns Rewards can be contextualized Can be negative to the society if used to people to help you back
exchange
behavior that matches group
expectations
→ Following guidelines
conformity
