UC-200 Vocab (Ch 1-4)

Question 1

Multiethnic

Answer 1

Societies comprising numerous racial, religious, and cultural groups

Question 2

Dominant Group

Answer 2

1 or few groups that are favored by society’s institution (Specifically economically and politically)

Question 3

MInorities

Answer 3

Subordinate groups in society that differ from Dominant groups

Question 4

Ethnicity

Answer 4

a particular ethnic affiliation or group

Question 5

Ethnic Groups

Answer 5

groups within a larger society that display a unique set of cultural traits

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

the tendency to judge other groups by the standards and values of ones own group (Our way is correct or natural – theres is odd or immoral)

Question 7

Race

Answer 7

A Socially Constructed category of humans, classified on the basis of certain arbitrarily selected hereditary characteristics that differentiate them from other human groups.

Question 8

Self Fulfilling prophecy

Answer 8

a process in which the false definition of a situation produces behavior that in turn makes real the originally falsely defined situation.

Question 9

Ideology

Answer 9

Belief System, a set of beliefs and values that explain, rationalize, and justify inequalities in wealth, power and privilege.

Question 10

3 Basic Ideas of Racism

Answer 10

• 1. Humans are divided naturally into different physical traits
• 2. Such Physical Traits as people display are intrinsically related to their culture personality and intelligence.
• 3. The differences among groups are innate, not subject to change, and on the basis of their genetic inheritance, some groups are innately superior to others.

Question 11

3 Confusions of Racism

Answer 11

• 1. the identification of racial differences with cultural and social differences.
• 2. the assumption that cultural achievement is directly and chiefly, determined by the racial characteristics of a population.
• 3. the belief that physical characteristics of a population limit and define the sorts of culture and society they are able to create or participate in.

Question 12

Racism

Answer 12

The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior.

Question 13

Cultural Racism

Answer 13

The belief that the cultures displayed by human groups are not easily changed and therefore can be ranked as superior or inferior

Question 14

Racial Formation

Answer 14

as the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed and destroyed. (Never ending process that is constantly changing based on the society and culture)

Question 15

Racial Projects

Answer 15

is simultaneously an interpretation, representation or explanation of racial dynamics and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines.

Question 16

Subordinate Groups

Answer 16

Minority group

Question 17

Gender

Answer 17

the state of being (identifying) as male or female

Question 18

Sex

Answer 18

either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and many other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

“Actions against minority ethnic groups, including avoidance, denial, intimidation, or physical attack.” (Marger, 49)

Question 20

Prejudice

Answer 20

“widely held beliefs and values regarding the character and capacities of particular groups….These beliefs often come together in a cohesive ideology of racism or other deterministic notion….” (Marger, 49)

Question 21

Stereotypes

Answer 21

“pictures in our heads” of ethnic groups that are distinctive behavioral traits or physical traits that are exaggerated to describe a group.

Question 22

Social Distance

Answer 22

degree of intimacy people are prepared to establish in their relations with others.

Question 23

Bogardus Social Distance Scale

Answer 23

As close relatives by marriage (i.e., as the legal spouse of a close relative) (score 1.00)
As my close personal friends (2.00)
As neighbors on the same street (3.00)
As co-workers in the same occupation (4.00)
As citizens in my country (5.00)
As non-citizen visitors in my country (6.00)
Would exclude from entry into my country (7.00)

Question 24

Racial Profiling

Answer 24

Associating ethnic types with social problems

Question 25

Micro Discrimination

Answer 25

overt acts committed by one individual against another

Question 26

Macro Discrimination

Answer 26

1. “The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society.”

Question 27

Structural Discrimination

Answer 27

Discrimination that occurs as a result of past discrimination that influences normal institutional processes

Question 28

Total Discrimination

Answer 28

The sum of all past discrimination (including across generations) that results in an un level playing field

Question 29

Theories of Discrimination

Answer 29

Psychological, Normative, and Power Conflict

Question 30

Social Stratification

Answer 30

is a system of structured inequality in which people receive different amounts of society’s valued resources

Question 31

Ethnic Stratification

Answer 31

is a rank order of groups, each made up of people with presumed common cultural or physical characteristics interacting in patterns of dominance and subordination

Question 32

Majority –minority

Answer 32

ethnic stratification system

Question 33

Minority Groups

Answer 33

groups in multiethnic society that on the basis of their physical or cultural traits receive fewer of society’s rewards/resources

Question 34

Dominant Ethnic Group

Answer 34

group that has disproportionate amount of power resources etc

Question 35

Charter Group

Answer 35

dominant group/ dictates the society or culture

Question 36

Social Mobility

Answer 36

what possibilities exist for individuals to move upward from lower to a higher class or downward from a higher to a lower class

Question 37

Caste System

Answer 37

most rigidly static type of stratification in which movement from one group to another is highly restricted by custom or law.

Question 38

Assimilation

Answer 38

increasing similarity between different groups—becoming one

Question 39

Pluralism

Answer 39

maintain language or religious differences within a larger society

Question 40

Order theorists

Answer 40

see society as a relatively balanced system made up of differently functioning but related parts

Question 41

Conflict theorists

Answer 41

see societies as held together not by broad agreements among groups but by the power of the dominant classes and ruling elites to impose will on others.

Question 42

Acculturation

Answer 42

involves the adoption by which one ethnic group of another’s cultural traits (language religion, diet, etc..)

Question 43

Cultural Pluralism

Answer 43

implies the maintenance of many varied cultural systems within the framework of the larger sociocultural system.

Question 44

4 Dimensions of Assimilation

Answer 44

Cultural, Structural, Psychological, and Biological

Question 45

5 Factors affecting Assimilation

Answer 45

Manner of Entrance, Time of entrance, demographic factors, cultural similarity and visibility

Question 46

Structural assimilation

Answer 46

An increasing degree of social interaction among different ethnic groups.

Question 47

Integration

Answer 47

1. a form of assimilation in which people of diverse ethnic groups participates freely and fully in the institutions of the larger society unconstrained by ethnicity.

Question 48

Psychological Assimilation

Answer 48

a process by which people increasingly identify themselves as part of the larger society rather than their ethnic group.

Question 49

Biological Assimilation or amalgamation

Answer 49

1. Intermarriage to the point where there is a biological merging of formerly distinct groups.

Question 50

Parks Race Relations cycle

Answer 50

a model of ethnic relations suggesting that groups pass through a sequence of stages – contact, competition, accommodation and ultimately assimilation

Question 51

Gordons Stages of Assimilation

Answer 51

A theoretical model suggesting assimilation is not a straight forward movement but rather comprises different degrees of increasingly more profound social and cultural integration.

Question 52

Segmented Assimilation

Answer 52

the notion that immigrant assimilation may take different forms: adoption of the dominant culture, adoption of oppositional culture, or economic advancement while retaining the ethnic culture.

Question 53

Understand the Systems of Pluralism

Answer 53

Cultural / structural / Equalitarian / Corporate Pluralism / Inequalitarian / Paternalistic and Competitive Race Relations / Expulsion/Annihilation

Question 54

Equalitarian Pluralism

Answer 54

groups retain their cultural and, for the most part structural integrity while participating freely and equally within common political and economic institutions

Question 55

Accommodation

Answer 55

the minority group “desires equality with but separation from dominant group and the dominant group agrees to this arrangement.”

Question 56

Corporate Pluralism

Answer 56

The structural and cultural differences among ethnic groups are protected by the state and institutional provisions are made to encourage an ethnically proportionate distribution of social rewards.

Question 57

Inequalitarian Pluralism

Answer 57

ethnic groups not only are separated structurally and perhaps culturally but also exist in a state of highly unequal access to power and privilege.

Question 58

Paternalistic race relations

Answer 58

All people understand their social place and, as long as the subordinates do not deviate from their ascribed role, stability is ensured.

Question 59

Competitive race relations

Answer 59

ethnic stratification bears some resemblance to a caste or colonial system but is less extreme in segregation of social institutions and relations.

Question 60

Annihilation

Answer 60

Destruction of minority ethnic group, perhaps culminating in genocide

Question 61

3 major patterns of ethnic relations

Answer 61

a. Most societies will exhibit two or three levels
b. Some degree of conflict is characteristic of all three systems
c. The outcome of any of these systems depends on the aims of both the dominant and minority group.

Question 62

3 Types of Multiethnic Societies

Answer 62

a. Colonial (segregationist)
b. Corporate Pluralistic (Multicultural)
c. Assimilationist