Uae history Flashcards
Known places in the past:
Some of Northern Africa, Asia and parts of southern Europe
Omani empires
Was over parts of Iran and Pakistan until Somalia, Kenya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Yemen, uae, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain.
Controlled trade in Arabian Sea, in Asian ocean etc.
Masters of when to travel and when not to travel.
When Zanzibar independent?
1960’s late
Omani sultan lived there
Ruins in UAE:
Church from 7th to 8th century on sir bani Yas
Jumeirah ruins
Abu Dhabi island - Maraweh - unclear what structure is
Temple in Umm Al Quwain - 1st to 2nd century
Fort - RAK - dhayah
Sarooj alhadid - Dubai - unsure of what it is
Oldest mosque in UAE:
Al bidya in Fujairah
Neolithic age:
First time humans settled in UAE
Remains of Bedouin communities
Mass graves in Sharjah
Tools and spearheads were found - Dalma and Maratha
Fishing and collecting plants
What emerged during Neolithic era?
Pottery as seen by findings in Sharjah UAQ, RAK, Abu Dhabi island
Bronze Age periods:
Jebel hafeet period
Umm Al nar period
Wadi Al suq period
Jebel hafeet period:
Tombs found here
Small and hive shaped tombs
Huge agricultural settlement - corn and wheat
Mass graves (Al ain, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah) and ancient settlement
What also happened during jebel hafeet period?
Copper industry
Umm Al nar period:
Ruins on umm Al nar island in Abu Dhabi
Mass graves and tombs found - 40 or so
Settlement with stone houses and stone utensils similar to funeral tools
Cooking tools
House with seven rooms
Pottery fragments, fishing dependent as found bones of fish, camels, turtles and cattle.
Copper tools
Why was umm Al nar the apex of the time?
Solid trade links with Mesopotamian and Harappan in Pakistan (indus valley)
Large circular tombs made of stone - 200 relate to that time
Similar found in northern emirates
Wadi Al suq period:
Between Al ain and Omani coast
Tombs, spearheads, pots, gold and silver jewellery
Was Al suq - why setbacks:
Harsh climate or end of copper trade
Iron Age:
Apex of prosperity
Falaj irrigation systems introduced - extract groundwater for continuous cultivation in dry climate.
Most important archeological sites from falaj
First appearance in Iron Age of what?
Writing
Islamic era:
UAE and Oman embraced Islam
What happened after prophet died in Islamic era?
War between those accept Islam and those who didn’t want it
Major war in Fujairah in Dibba
Islam was still ruling the region after the war
Khalefat was over which areas and how did it expand islam?
Over some of Oman and Saudi Arabia and Yemen, but spread everywhere afterwards - Europe, Asia and Africa - known areas
Islam era to 16th century:
Muslim traders dominated the area until the period.
UAE independence Britain:
50 years ago
Portuguese era: vasco de gama
Found a new route around Africa towards India
What happened due to the new route?
Revolution of oriental commerce
Led to militarisation of Indian Ocean and Arabian gulf - Portuguese control area
Before Arabs were in charge of trade routes.
Not accept new status quo so a lot of wars
No war or military occupation before
Ahmad ibn majid: lion of sea
Wrote books and maps
Discovered inventions
Navigator
Helped vasco de gama from Africa to India - didn’t know for domination thought for trade
40 poetry and prose
Dutch era:
Loss of Hormuz by Portuguese marked entry of Dutch and English into Middle Eastern markets - modern bandar Abbas
Bandar Abbas:
Center of Dutch, British and French commercial and political activities in gulf
Dutch and British worked together initially
Became rivals
English moved to bandar Abbas and Dutch refused to pay customs
Dutch become more successful than British - sugar, spices, Indian cotton textiles, copper and iron
British era:
Trade in Persia
Monopoly of silk trade from decree from Persian king
Anglo-Persian victory over Portuguese, then bandar Abbas was base of operations for 150 years.
War with Al qawasim:
RAK port attacked and other qawasim bases on Persian coast
British controlled RAK and controlled the waters of the gulf
Britain concluded General Treaty of Peace with Sheikhs of Arab coast - no more problems at sea, no more large ships being built and no fortifications erected along coast
Britain allowed to rule over them and do whatever they want
Exclusive agreements of 1892:
Obligatory for trivial sheikhs not to enter agreement with any other power other than Britain
In return, British protect emirates from foreign aggression
Cornerstone of British domination until withdrawal in 1971
British gov terminate treaties:
1971- Britain said terminate treaties abs withdraw troops
Reduce obstacles for unity
Federation by whom:
Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid initiated first move
Strong enough to protect against powerful neighbouring countries
First meeting of unification:
Abu Dhabi and Dubai meet up on Feb 18, 1968 at Al Sameeh - border between them
Merging foreign affairs, defenses, security and social services as well as common immigration policy
Other aspects dealt with internally such as administrative matters
The union accord:
Name of agreement
First attempt to unite gulf states
Invite other emirates as well as Bahrain and Qatar to initiate negotiations for formation of larger union
Rise and Collapse of 9 emirates union:
Held in Dubai - first meeting
Supreme council of rules was formed.
Agreed terms between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, were basis of discussion
In 1971, Iran no longer claimed Bahrain so Bahrain became independent
Qatar as well
6 emirates without RAK - form UAE on July 18,1971
Constitution
152 articles
Preamble
10 sections
Constitution specifies
Powers and authority of federal gov and individual states
First president of UAE:
Sheikh Zayed bin sultan Al nahyan - every five years until 2004 when he died
Vice president, first, of UAE:
Sheikh Rashid bin saeed Al maktoum until 1990.
Sheikh maktoum bin rashid Al maktoum came next
Provisional constitution became permanent:
Abu Dhabi capital
