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Urinary Analysis > UA-WI18-Collection And Physical Exmination of Urine > Flashcards

UA-WI18-Collection And Physical Exmination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Timing of collection:

Unspecified, can be collected at any time, most common screening purposes, can sometimes give and inaccurate view of a patients health.

A

Random

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2
Q

Timing of collection:

First voided the urine is generally more concentrated, contains relatively higher levels of cellular elements or proteins.

(8Hour specimen)

A

First morning

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3
Q

Timing of collection:

Voided after 8 hours of fasting

A

Fasting second

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4
Q

Timing of Collection:

Is before a meal, and to collect
a specimen 2 hours after eating

A

Postprandial- first-voided

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5
Q

Timing of collection:

(a.k.a.24 hour collection) is collection of urine
measures creatinine, urine urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium

A

Timed

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6
Q

Timing of collection:

Is the preferred type of
specimen for bacteria culture and sensitivity testing because of the reduced incidence of cellular and microbial contamination

A

Midstream clean catch urine

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7
Q

Timing of collection:

When urine stands at room temperature for a long time, what happens?

A

Casts and red cells undergo lysis, and the urine becomes alkalinized with precipitation of salts

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8
Q

What are the chemicals used to preserve urine?

A
  • Boric acid (the most common) •Chloroform
  • Formalin
  • Thymole
  • Toluene
  • Preservative tablet
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9
Q

What is included in the physical examination of urine?

A
  1. Appearance (color, transparency, foams, odor)
  2. Specific gravity
  3. Volume
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10
Q

Urine color:

Pigment that gives urine it’s characteristic yellow color.

A

Urochrome (urobilin)

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11
Q

Urine color:

Substance that contributes some pink or reddish color to urine

A

Uroerythrin

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12
Q

What else contributes to urine color?

A

Foods

Medication

Disease

Concentration of solutes

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13
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Milky body fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats or free fatty acids.

A

Chyle (pathologic)

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14
Q

Abnormal urine color:

White color urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

Chyle

Lipids

Pyuria (many WBCs)

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15
Q

Abnormal urine color:

White color urine, non-pathologic appearance do to?

A

Phosphates

Vaginal creams

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16
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to amber orange urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

Liver dysfunction (excessive urobilin or bilirubin)

Chemotherapeutic drugs

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17
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to amber to orange, non-pathologic appearance due?

A

Carrots (beta carotene)

Concentrated urine (dehydration)

Food color

Vitamin B complex or C

18
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to green urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

Biliverdin

Bilirubin

19
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to green urine, non-pathologic appearance due to?

A

Asparagus

20
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Pink to red urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

RBC

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

Porphyrin

21
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Pink to red urine, non-pathological appearance due to?

A

Beets (anthocyanin)

Food color

22
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Red to purple urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

Porphyrin

No non-pathological reasons

23
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Red to brown urine, pathologic appearance due to ?

A

Methemoglobin

Myoglobin

(No non-Pathologic reasons)

24
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Brown to black urine, pathologic appearance due to?

A

Bilirubin

Methemoglobin

Myoglobin

Melanin

Homogentistic acid (Alkapton)

25
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Brown to black urine, non pathologic appearance due to ?

A

Iron compounds

Favs beans

Aloe

26
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Blue to green urine , pathologic appearance due to ?

A

Biliverdin

Pseudomonas infection

27
Q

Abnormal urine color:

Blue to green urine, non-pathologic appearance due to ?

A

Vitamin B12

Thymole

Diuretic therapy (blue urine color)

28
Q

Urine is usually clear. Cloudy appearance may be due to amorphous crystals.

Amorphous phosphates precipitate=

A

White color

29
Q

Urine is usually clear. Cloudy appearance may be due to amorphous crystals.

Amorphous rate precipitate =

A

A pink color

30
Q

Urine clarity:

Cloudy

A

Contains salts/crystals

31
Q

Urine clarity: Hazy

A

Contain mucus

32
Q

Urine clarity: Smoky

A

Contains RBC

33
Q

Urine Clarity: Turbid

A

Contains leukocytes, bacteria, pus, proteins, epithelial cells

34
Q

Urine clarity: Milky

A

Contain fat or chyle

35
Q

Urine clarity:

Clear, pathologic appearance

A

Very dilute

Polyuria

36
Q

Urine clarity:

Clear, non-pathologic appearance

A

Over-hydrated

37
Q

Urine clarity:

Hazy to cloudy to turbid, pathologic appearance

A

Varying degrees of casts

Cells

Crystals & calculi

Fat(lipid/chyle)

Microorganisms

Fecal contamination

38
Q

Urine clarity:

Hazy to cloudy to turbid non-pathologic appearance

A

Creams, lotions

Crystals

Mucus

Radiographic dyes

Powders

Fecal contamination

39
Q

Foamy urine Pathologic etiology

A

Significant amounts of protein

UTI

Fistula from colon to bladder

40
Q

Foamy urine, non-pathologic etiology

A

Rapid urination

Foam increased with urine concentration

Toilet cleaner

41
Q 
Odor of urine:
Odor
1. Sweet/fruity
2.Pungent
3. Maple syrup
4. Musty or mousy odor of infant urine
5. Rancid butter or fishy
6. Stronger ammonia
A

Odor Cause

  1. Ketones
  2. Bacteria
  3. Amino acids
  4. Phenylketonuria
  5. Hypermethioninemia
  6. Dehydration
42
Q

Urine concentration tests:

  1. Ratio of the weight of a volume of urine to the weight of
    the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature.

• Used to measure the concentrating and diluting ability of the kidney

• Concentrating ability is one of the first functions to be lost
as a result of tubular damage.

• Normal range is 1.003–1.035

A

Urine Specific gravity

Urinary Analysis (3 decks)

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