Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UA Diagnostics > UA Diagnostics > Flashcards

UA Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

When would you order a UA

A
  • Flank pain, back pain, abdominal pain, painful or frequent urination, changes in urine color (blood)
  • Part of wellness exam, new pregnancy evaluation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of the UA

A

Detect:

  • substances secreted in the urine reflecting metabolic disturbances
  • ->Ex: glucose, nitrite, ketones
  • Intrinsic renal conditions
  • ->Ex: acute or chronic kidney dz, other dx’s resulting in the failure of the kidney to maintain homeostasis of body fluid volume and composition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Urine Specimens

A
  • Random
  • Catheter
  • Midstream clean-catch
  • First morning
  • Fasting
  • 2 hour post prandial
  • Suprapubic puncture
  • Pediatric bags
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three components of UA

A
  1. Physical: color, transparency, odor, volume
  2. Chemical: protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, pH, blood, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, urobilinogen, specific gravity
  3. Microscopic (“formed elements”): WBC’s, RBCs, epithelial cells, casts, crystals, microorganisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a UA ordered?

A
  • Dipstick UA: typical UA point of care diagnostic test
  • Dipstick UA w/micro if indicated
  • Complete UA (includes micro)
  • Complete UA with relax urine culture: UA, micro eval, and culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colored Urine Specimen and what it means

A

Straw: normal
Red: blood in the urine
Amber: Dehydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Turbid Urine Specimens

A

=Cloudy samples

–>Cells, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reagent Strip/Dipstick Analysis

A
  • Convenient and easy to use
  • Requires strict compliance w/ directions to ensure analytical reliability
  • DO NOT store in a refrigerator
  • Avoid exposing reagent strips to moisture, fluorescence light, sunlight, heat, acids, alkalis,
  • Do not touch test areas of reagent strip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leukocyte esterase

A
  • WBC’s in the urine

- ->this is a marker for WBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nitrites

A
  • Most specific test on dipstick to identify infection!

- Convert nitrates to nitrites by bacteria (gram -)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common cause of UTI’s

A

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urobilinogen

A
  • RBC breakdown

- Indicative of hemolysis, bilirubin process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protein

A
  • Reabsorption should be 100% by the kidneys, thus there should be NO protein in the urine (a.k.a Albumin)
  • Filtering process in the kidney is breaking down= DM, HTN that lead to nephropathy/chronic kidney dz (CKD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pH

A

-Helps you assess if acidic or alkalotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood

A
  • Should be no blood in the urine
  • Kidney stones: nephrolithiasis
  • Menstruation: contaminated sample
  • Note: not actually detecting RBC’s
  • ->enzymatic rxn when RBC’s are present in the urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Specific gravity

A
  • Concentration of pt’s urine low= hydrated

- Concentration high=Dehydrated

17
Q

Ketones

A

-Metabolite of fat breakdown in the body
Causes: dietary changes, persistent N/V (body starts to breakdown fat for energy source)
-DKA!!! uncontrolled diabetes, hyperglycemia

18
Q

Bilirubin

A

-Part of physiological process of bilirubin breakdown

19
Q

Glucose

A

Approximately 250, patient starts spilling over glucose into urine (DM)

20
Q

Microscopic exam of the. urine sediment used to identify:

A
  • Cells
  • Casts
  • Crystals
21
Q

What are the associated conditions with RBC?

A
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
  • Ureterolithiasis
  • neoplasm
  • Infection
22
Q

WBC

A
  • Infection

- Renal inflammatory process: interstitial nephritis

23
Q

Renal epithelial

A

AKI: acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, nephritic syndrome

24
Q

Squamous epithelial

A

Contamination!!

25
Q

Oval fat bodies

A

Nonspecific, nephrotic syndrome

26
Q

Urinary Casts

A
  • Urinary protein forms fibrils that attach to the epithelial cells lining the tubule lumen as:
  • ->Urine tubules become very concentrated
  • ->Urine flow ceases (stasis occurs)
  • ->Urinary pH is very low
  • ->Urinary salt concentration is high

-Fibrils may intertwine to form cast–> Casts may entrap chemicals or formed elements that are present in the urine–>casts are eventually washed out of their point of origin and appear in. urine

27
Q

Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein

A
  • Major protein constituent of normal urine (and often forms the common matrix of casts)
  • Major defense protein of urothelium against bacteria
  • Reagant chemical strips DO NOT detect this protein b/c so heavily glycosylated
28
Q

Common Urinary Casts

A
  • Hyaline
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • Granular
  • Renal tubular epithelial cell
  • Waxy
  • Broad
29
Q

Associated condition with Hyaline casts

A

Nonspecific, may be normal

30
Q

RBC

A

AKI (glomerulonephritis), nephritic syndrome

31
Q

WBC

A

Infection (pyelonephritis), AKI/renal inflammatory process

32
Q

Epithelial

A

AKI (acute tubular necrosis interstitial nephritis), nephritic syndrome

33
Q

Granular (“muddy brown”)

A

AKI. (acute tubular necrosis)

34
Q

Waxy

A

Nonspecific; chronic renal dz

35
Q

Broad

A

Chronic renal dz

36
Q

Abnormal Urinary Crystals

A

-Typically found @ acidic urinary pH

Causes: Abx, amino acids, altered metabolism (bilirubin, cholesterol)

UA Diagnostics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions