UA

Question 1

list four major parts of the urinary system

Answer 1

ureters
bladder
uretha
kidneys

Question 2

5 major functions of the kidney

Answer 2

remove waste products 
retention of nutrients 
maintain acid base balance 
maintain h20 and electrolyte balance
hormone synthesis

Question 3

renal fascio

Answer 3

outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue anchors organs to surrounding structures

Question 4

renal capsule

Answer 4

inner most protective layer, keeps infections from surrounding from migrating to the kidney

Question 5

adipose capsule

Answer 5

middle layer consisting of fat tissue that attaches the kidney to the posterior body was , holds kidney in normal position

Question 6

outer urter wall

Answer 6

composed of connective tissue and adipose tissue

Question 7

middle ureter wall

Answer 7

muscular vibes which contract to push urine to the bladder

Question 8

inner wall

Answer 8

secretes mucus to prevent its cells from coming in contact with urine

Question 9

transitional epi cells

Answer 9

line the ureter near the bladder

Question 10

squamous epi cells

Answer 10

line the ureter near its external opening

Question 11

what is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 11

nephron unit

Question 12

6 parts of the nephron

Answer 12

collecting ducts 
renal pelvis
glomerulus 
Bowmans capsule 
descending loop of Henle 
ascending loop of Henle

Question 13

3 major processes involved in urine formation

Answer 13

adsorption
secretion
filtration

Question 14

small molecules that are able to pass through the glomerular wall

Answer 14

water glucose creatinine urea

Question 15

readsoprbtion is limited by

Answer 15

renal thresholds

Question 16

chemical preservatives

Answer 16

formalin 
toulene 
phenol
thymol
preservative tablets 
boric acid 
sodium flouride

Question 17

increased changes that occur in unpreserved urine

Answer 17

bacteria
pH
turbidity

Question 18

decresead changes that occur in unpreserved urine

Answer 18

glucose 
cells
ketones 
bilirubin 
urobilinigen

Question 19

random

Answer 19

best for routine screening

Question 20

first morning

Answer 20

most concentrated specimen and is good for pregnancy testing

Question 21

2 hour post prandial

Answer 21

collected 2 hours after consuming a meal and is used for diabetic monitoring

Question 22

catheterized

Answer 22

collected by passing a tube through the uretha into the bladder

Question 23

CCMS

Answer 23

collected for suspected UTIs only the middle 30-100mls of the urine void id collected

Question 24

suprapubic

Answer 24

collected by inserting the needle directly into the bladder through the lower abdomen

Question 25

diabetes mellitus

Answer 25

``` glucose remains in the urine increased urine output increased fluid loss dehydration high specific gravity ```

Question 26

diabetes insipidus

Answer 26

decreased ADH increased urine output low specific gravity

Question 27

oliguria

Answer 27

decreased 24 hour volume, usually less than 500 ml/24 hour

Question 28

anuria

Answer 28

complete cessation of urine flow

Question 29

nocturia

Answer 29

excess urination during the night

Question 30

polyuria

Answer 30

increased 24 hr volume, usually above 2000ml/24houe

Question 31

diuresis

Answer 31

any increase in urine volume

Question 32

dark yellow/ amber

Answer 32

bilirubin or urobilin; urine is very concentrated

Question 33

dark orange

Answer 33

urobilin

Question 34

brown "beer brown"

Answer 34

bilirubin

Question 35

very pale

Answer 35

inability to concentrate urine

Question 36

bright orange

Answer 36

pyridium dye

Question 37

pink to dark red

Answer 37

RBCs hemoglobin myoglobin porphyrins

Question 38

brown-black

Answer 38

RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin, homogenstic acts drugs and melanin

Question 39

clear

Answer 39

no visible particulate matter

Question 40

hazy

Answer 40

some visible particulate matter but newspaper is not distorted

Question 41

cloudy

Answer 41

newsprint can be seen through the urine but letter are distorted or blurry

Question 42

turbid

Answer 42

newsprint cannot be seen through the urine

Question 43

amino acid metabolism

Answer 43

variable odor, sweaty feet, maple syrup, cabbage hops, mousy rotting fish rancid

Question 44

ketones

Answer 44

fruity sweet

Question 45

old sample

Answer 45

strong ammonia smell

Question 46

bacterial infection

Answer 46

putrid smell

Question 47

urine containing radiographic

Answer 47

>1.035

Question 48

random urine

Answer 48

1.001-1.035

Question 49

24 hour urine

Answer 49

1.016-1.022

Question 50

urine majority

Answer 50

1.015-1.025

Question 51

ph of urine

Answer 51

7.4