UA Flashcards
list four major parts of the urinary system
ureters
bladder
uretha
kidneys
5 major functions of the kidney
remove waste products retention of nutrients maintain acid base balance maintain h20 and electrolyte balance hormone synthesis
renal fascio
outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue anchors organs to surrounding structures
renal capsule
inner most protective layer, keeps infections from surrounding from migrating to the kidney
adipose capsule
middle layer consisting of fat tissue that attaches the kidney to the posterior body was , holds kidney in normal position
outer urter wall
composed of connective tissue and adipose tissue
middle ureter wall
muscular vibes which contract to push urine to the bladder
inner wall
secretes mucus to prevent its cells from coming in contact with urine
transitional epi cells
line the ureter near the bladder
squamous epi cells
line the ureter near its external opening
what is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron unit
6 parts of the nephron
collecting ducts renal pelvis glomerulus Bowmans capsule descending loop of Henle ascending loop of Henle
3 major processes involved in urine formation
adsorption
secretion
filtration
small molecules that are able to pass through the glomerular wall
water glucose creatinine urea
readsoprbtion is limited by
renal thresholds
chemical preservatives
formalin toulene phenol thymol preservative tablets boric acid sodium flouride
increased changes that occur in unpreserved urine
bacteria
pH
turbidity
decresead changes that occur in unpreserved urine
glucose cells ketones bilirubin urobilinigen
random
best for routine screening
first morning
most concentrated specimen and is good for pregnancy testing
2 hour post prandial
collected 2 hours after consuming a meal and is used for diabetic monitoring
catheterized
collected by passing a tube through the uretha into the bladder
CCMS
collected for suspected UTIs only the middle 30-100mls of the urine void id collected
suprapubic
collected by inserting the needle directly into the bladder through the lower abdomen
diabetes mellitus
glucose remains in the urine increased urine output increased fluid loss dehydration high specific gravity
diabetes insipidus
decreased ADH
increased urine output
low specific gravity
oliguria
decreased 24 hour volume, usually less than 500 ml/24 hour
anuria
complete cessation of urine flow
nocturia
excess urination during the night
polyuria
increased 24 hr volume, usually above 2000ml/24houe
diuresis
any increase in urine volume
dark yellow/ amber
bilirubin or urobilin; urine is very concentrated
dark orange
urobilin
brown “beer brown”
bilirubin
very pale
inability to concentrate urine
bright orange
pyridium dye
pink to dark red
RBCs hemoglobin myoglobin porphyrins
brown-black
RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin, homogenstic acts drugs and melanin
clear
no visible particulate matter
hazy
some visible particulate matter but newspaper is not distorted
cloudy
newsprint can be seen through the urine but letter are distorted or blurry
turbid
newsprint cannot be seen through the urine
amino acid metabolism
variable odor, sweaty feet, maple syrup, cabbage hops, mousy rotting fish rancid
ketones
fruity sweet
old sample
strong ammonia smell
bacterial infection
putrid smell
urine containing radiographic
> 1.035
random urine
1.001-1.035
24 hour urine
1.016-1.022
urine majority
1.015-1.025
ph of urine
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