UA Flashcards
Match the UA Color with the abnormal presentation:
A. Milky B. Red/Smoky Brown C. Yellow foam
D. White foam. E. Coca-cola colored
___ Blood; cystitis, UTI
___ albumin
___ Pus, bacteria (infection)
___ Bile Pigments
___ Fat (nephrotic)
___ Acute Globular Nephritis
___. Liver; cholecystitis
___ Streptococcal infection
B - Blood; cystitis, UTI
D - albumin
A - Pus, bacteria (infection)
C - Bile Pigments
A - Fat (nephrotic)
E - Acute Globular Nephritis
C - Liver; cholecystitis
E - Streptococcal infection
What vocabulary term represents a scale from clear to cloudy when looking at UA?
Turbity
What abnormal Odor represents bacterial decomposition of urine?
Ammoniacal
What abnormal odor represents advanced kidney disease?
Stale Water
What condition would someone be suffering from if their urine had a fruity smell?
Diabetes Melitis
What would you expect with foul smelling urine?
UTI (bacteriuria)
What term represents solutes found within urine?
Specific Gravity
A low specific gravity would lead to this condition.
Diabetes Insipidus
(due to excessive hydration)
A high specific gravity (due to dehydration) would lead to what condition?
Diabetes Mellitus
(increased solute/volume; Fever)
What symptoms would a low pH (acidic) in the urine represent?
Acidosis, fevers, High protein diet
What symptoms would a high pH (alkaline) in the urine represent?
Alkalosis, Cystitis
What is the most common cause of Orthostatic Proteinuria?
Normal urine while lying down; increased symptoms when change of position (lying to standing)
What symptoms would be represented in prerenal Organic proteinuria?
Fever, Hypertension, renal hypoxia
What conditions would be represented in renal Organic proteinuria?
- AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)
- Nephrotic syndrome
What conditions would be represented in postrenal Organic proteinuria?
Cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis
The normal renal threshold for glycosuria is?
180 mg/dL
One would most likely see glycosuria without hyperglycemia with_____________?
Pregnancy
The most common cause of glycosuria with hyperglycemia is _______?
Diabetes Mellitus
Bleeding as a result of trauma or irritation is called _______?
Hematuria
What is the term when you see lysis of RBCs in urinary tract, intravascular hemolysis, or transfusion reactions?
Hemoglobinuria
What is the term when you see muscular destruction that may appear in hypothermia, convulsions, extensive exertion (rhabdomyolysis)?
myoglobinuria
A false negative in what would appear to be hematuria would be caused by?
High dose of Vitamin C
What term represents Leukocyte esterase in the urine?
Pyuria
Biliary tract obstruction in bilirubinuria would lead to _______?
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for RBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?
0-2
clinically significant: HPF >2
What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for WBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?
0-5
Clinically significant: HPF>5
When is the best time to get a urine sample/specimen?
1st in the morning; midstream
What are factors that would lead to RBCs at a HPF >2?
smoking
GU malignancy
analgesic abuse
What are factors that would lead to WBCs at a HPF >5?
inflammation
pyuria : proteinuria or bacteriuria (nitrituria)
- evidence that WBCs originate in the kidney: pyelonephritis
list 3 causes:
Clinical significant pyuria:
Causes: pyelonephritis, Renal TB, Cystitis
Clinical significant pyuria: >5
Name the cell &
Low Power field level for Contamination:
Epithelial Cells
Low Power field level for Contamination: >10
Cast?
Condition?
Waxy Cast
Advanced Renal Failure
Cast?
Condition?
RBC Cast
AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)
Cast?
Condition?
WBC Cast
Acute Pyelonephritis
pathogumonic
Cast?
Condition?
Lipid Cast
Nephrotic syndrome
(advanced renal disease)
Casts?
Condition?
Pseudocasts
Fibers, dust (fake outs!)
Crystals
Image?
Condition?
Triple phosphate
Found in alkaline urine; “Coffin Lid”
(No clinical significance)
Image?
Condition?
Calcium Oxalate
Found in normal urine; “Cross/X”
(No clinical significance)
RBCs
WBC Cast
Hyaline Cast
RBC Cast
squamous epithelium
What are the main differences between the ddx of pyelonephritis and cystitis?
Cystitis:
- Px is located in pelvis/abdominal area
- Px does not radiate
- acute onset
Pyelonephritis:
- Px located in Flank
- Px radiates
- increase in temperature (fever)
What are two causes of increased specific gravity?
dehydration
diabetes
What is the significance of epithelial cells in an UA?
contamination of the urine
What UA findings are expected in a patient with hepatitis?
Bilirubin
