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Clinical Pathology > UA > Flashcards

UA Flashcards

1
Q

Match the UA Color with the abnormal presentation:

A. Milky B. Red/Smoky Brown C. Yellow foam
D. White foam. E. Coca-cola colored

___ Blood; cystitis, UTI
___ albumin
___ Pus, bacteria (infection)
___ Bile Pigments
___ Fat (nephrotic)
___ Acute Globular Nephritis
___. Liver; cholecystitis
___ Streptococcal infection

A

B - Blood; cystitis, UTI
D - albumin
A - Pus, bacteria (infection)
C - Bile Pigments
A - Fat (nephrotic)
E - Acute Globular Nephritis
C - Liver; cholecystitis
E - Streptococcal infection

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2
Q

What vocabulary term represents a scale from clear to cloudy when looking at UA?

A

Turbity

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3
Q

What abnormal Odor represents bacterial decomposition of urine?

A

Ammoniacal

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4
Q

What abnormal odor represents advanced kidney disease?

A

Stale Water

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5
Q

What condition would someone be suffering from if their urine had a fruity smell?

A

Diabetes Melitis

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6
Q

What would you expect with foul smelling urine?

A

UTI (bacteriuria)

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7
Q

What term represents solutes found within urine?

A

Specific Gravity

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8
Q

A low specific gravity would lead to this condition.

A

Diabetes Insipidus
(due to excessive hydration)

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9
Q

A high specific gravity (due to dehydration) would lead to what condition?

A

Diabetes Mellitus
(increased solute/volume; Fever)

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10
Q

What symptoms would a low pH (acidic) in the urine represent?

A

Acidosis, fevers, High protein diet

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11
Q

What symptoms would a high pH (alkaline) in the urine represent?

A

Alkalosis, Cystitis

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of Orthostatic Proteinuria?

A

Normal urine while lying down; increased symptoms when change of position (lying to standing)

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13
Q

What symptoms would be represented in prerenal Organic proteinuria?

A

Fever, Hypertension, renal hypoxia

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14
Q

What conditions would be represented in renal Organic proteinuria?

A
  • AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)
  • Nephrotic syndrome
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15
Q

What conditions would be represented in postrenal Organic proteinuria?

A

Cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis

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16
Q

The normal renal threshold for glycosuria is?

A

180 mg/dL

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17
Q

One would most likely see glycosuria without hyperglycemia with_____________?

A

Pregnancy

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18
Q

The most common cause of glycosuria with hyperglycemia is _______?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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19
Q

Bleeding as a result of trauma or irritation is called _______?

A

Hematuria

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20
Q

What is the term when you see lysis of RBCs in urinary tract, intravascular hemolysis, or transfusion reactions?

A

Hemoglobinuria

21
Q

What is the term when you see muscular destruction that may appear in hypothermia, convulsions, extensive exertion (rhabdomyolysis)?

A

myoglobinuria

22
Q

A false negative in what would appear to be hematuria would be caused by?

A

High dose of Vitamin C

23
Q

What term represents Leukocyte esterase in the urine?

A

Pyuria

24
Q

Biliary tract obstruction in bilirubinuria would lead to _______?

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

25
Q

What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for RBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?

A

0-2
clinically significant: HPF >2

26
Q

What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for WBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?

A

0-5
Clinically significant: HPF>5

27
Q

When is the best time to get a urine sample/specimen?

A

1st in the morning; midstream

28
Q

What are factors that would lead to RBCs at a HPF >2?

A

smoking
GU malignancy
analgesic abuse

29
Q

What are factors that would lead to WBCs at a HPF >5?

A

inflammation
pyuria : proteinuria or bacteriuria (nitrituria)

  • evidence that WBCs originate in the kidney: pyelonephritis
30
Q

list 3 causes:
Clinical significant pyuria:

A

Causes: pyelonephritis, Renal TB, Cystitis

Clinical significant pyuria: >5

31
Q

Name the cell &
Low Power field level for Contamination:

A

Epithelial Cells

Low Power field level for Contamination: >10

32
Q

Cast?

Condition?

A

Waxy Cast

Advanced Renal Failure

33
Q

Cast?

Condition?

A

RBC Cast

AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)

34
Q

Cast?

Condition?

A

WBC Cast

Acute Pyelonephritis
pathogumonic

35
Q

Cast?

Condition?

A

Lipid Cast

Nephrotic syndrome
(advanced renal disease)

36
Q

Casts?

Condition?

A

Pseudocasts

Fibers, dust (fake outs!)

37
Q
A

Crystals

38
Q

Image?

Condition?

A

Triple phosphate

Found in alkaline urine; “Coffin Lid”
(No clinical significance)

39
Q

Image?

Condition?

A

Calcium Oxalate

Found in normal urine; “Cross/X”
(No clinical significance)

40
Q
A

RBCs

41
Q
A

WBC Cast

42
Q
A

Hyaline Cast

43
Q
A

RBC Cast

44
Q
A

squamous epithelium

45
Q

What are the main differences between the ddx of pyelonephritis and cystitis?

A

Cystitis:
- Px is located in pelvis/abdominal area
- Px does not radiate
- acute onset

Pyelonephritis:
- Px located in Flank
- Px radiates
- increase in temperature (fever)

46
Q

What are two causes of increased specific gravity?

A

dehydration
diabetes

47
Q

What is the significance of epithelial cells in an UA?

A

contamination of the urine

48
Q

What UA findings are expected in a patient with hepatitis?

A

Bilirubin

Clinical Pathology (2 decks)

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