u7 pt. 2

Question 1

Most common medical concerns in let adulthood

Answer 1

– arthritis and rheumatism
– cancer
– dental problems
– diabetes
– hearing and seeing issues
– heart disease
– hypertension
– stroke
– orthopedic issues

Question 2

external ageing: changes in body shape

Answer 2

Starting in YA, gets more noticeable in MA
Changes in shape=changes in height, lean muscle, and body fat
Height may lessen as bone density decreases (1-2 in.)

Question 3

external ageing: Age related changes in muscles bones and joints

Answer 3

Muscle- sarcopenia, loss of muscle tissue
Bones- loss of bone mineral content (bone density)
Joints- loss of arterial cartilage (wear and tear)

Question 4

internal ageing: the nervous system

Answer 4

the brain decreases in size and weight

Question 5

internal ageing: the respiratory system

Answer 5

decrease in breathing capacity, residual lung capacity, and basic oxygen consumption

Question 6

internal ageing: the gastrointestinal system

Answer 6

less efficient, produces less digestive juices and less peristalsis

Question 7

internal ageing: the musculoskeletal system

Answer 7

progressive decrease in stature, particularly among woman

Question 8

internal ageing: the immune system

Answer 8

less responsive and efficient with age

Question 9

coronary artery disease

Answer 9

hardening of arteries

Question 10

atherosclerosis

Answer 10

plaque buildup leading to arrhythmia, angina, and myocardial infarction

Question 11

ageing decelerators

Answer 11

physical activity, healthy diet, restful sleep

Question 12

ageing accelerators

Answer 12

stress, smoking, obesity, alcohol abuse (early onset, later onset)

Question 13

macro-stressors

Answer 13

major life events that cause stress

Question 14

micro-stressors

Answer 14

daily hassles/minor life events that cause stress

Question 15

stress reactivity

Answer 15

people who react to stressful events emotionally and intensely, less effective coping strats

Question 16

factors that influence health in older adults

Answer 16

self-efficacy
optimism
SES
ethnicity
health-care costs
gender

Question 17

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 17

discipline that studies links between the brain and cognitive functioning. changes in brain = changes in cog. functioning and vise versa

Question 18

equifinality

Answer 18

same neurological functions achieved by different individuals’ brains via different paths

Question 19

equipotentiality

Answer 19

brain cells may develop to take on new functions/tasks

Question 20

neuroplasticity

Answer 20

brains potential to reorganise and structure itself dies to environmental stimulation/demand

Question 21

dementia

Answer 21

any neurological disorder that involves deterioration of mental functioning. 20% of those over 80 years old have it

Question 22

Alzheimer disease

Answer 22

characterized by the gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and physical functioning. divided into early/young onset, below 65. or late onset, later than 65