U7: Civil Rights and Solidarity Movements (1960-1979) Flashcards
Civil Rights Movement
A struggle for social justice during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States
Brown v. the Board of Education (1954)
Supreme Court rules racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional
Integration
The combination of white and black people in society and public spaces
Jim Crowe laws
State and local laws in the South that enforced racial segregation
Segregation
Separation in public spaces based on race
Rosa Parks
Civil rights activist known for protesting racial segregation in the bus system
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Endeavors to advance justice for African Americans
Claudette Colvin
Civil rights activist known for protesting racial segregation in the bus system
MLK
Civil rights activist known for using non-violent direct action to protest segregation
Promoted sit-ins and boycotts
Working within the system to allow black people to get added onto the already existing human rights that white people had
Non-violent resistance
MLK’s protest style
He thought that violence would take away from the meaning of the protests
Violence from police and bystanders in response to the non-violent action gained support for the movement
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
MLK’s organization that staged the Montgomery bus boycott
Freedom rides
Civil rights protests on interstate buses that were racially segregated
“I have a dream” speech
MLK speech
Calls for civil and economic rights and an end to racism/segregation
“I have been to the mountaintop” speech
MLK speech
Concerns with the Memphis sanitation strike
Calls for unity, economic action, boycott, and nonviolent protest
Similarities to Malcolm X’s “black people supporting black business” idea
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (mostly in the workplace)
Voting Rights Act (1964)
Outlaws discriminatory voting practices that most Southern states adopted (such as literacy tests) that were racially biased
LBJ
President known for expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, access to healthcare, education, arts, urban and rural development, and public services
Spearheaded “the war on poverty”
“Great society”
LBJ’s plan to fight poverty in America
Similar to the New Deal
Affirmative action
Policies and practices within the government or an organization seeking favoring marginalized groups solely based on their status as a minority
Black power
Political slogan of the Black Panthers
Emphasized black self-reliance and black self-determination
Asked for a separate but equal space for black people instead of integration
Malcolm X
Civil rights activist who called for violence against police
Pushed for black people supporting black businesses
Didn’t want integration
Wanted to change the system
“The ballot or the bullet”
Malcolm X’s speech encompassing his political ideology and ideas
The Black Panthers
Political group that argued against capitalism
Never struck first, but followed police around with guns and waited until they struck first
Pushed connection with the black community
Emphasized black beauty and aesthetic
Focused on ending police brutality
Targeted the press
Fought things that were nation-wide issues instead of things that just concerned the South
10 point program
The Black Painter’s guidelines that state their ideals and ways of operation
Included freedom, power over themselves, employment, an end to capitalism, housing, education, exemption from military service, an end to police brutality and murder, freedom from imprisonment, trial by a black jury, and “land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace”
