U6 Skeletal: Growth and Maintenance Factors

Question 1

1. heredity

Answer 1

genetic potential for cartilage and bone production

Question 2

2. nutrition

Answer 2

bones cannot grow properly w/o calcium, phosphorus, protein, vits A, C, D

Question 3

3. hormones

Answer 3

endocrine gland hormones affect growth

Question 4

4. chemical communication from tissues

Answer 4

other tissues increase or decrease matrix production, esp. small intestine

Question 5

5. exercise/bone stress

Answer 5

w/o stress bones lose calcium and the matrix thins

Question 6

growth hormone

Answer 6

increases osteoblast mitosis rate and protein synthesis rate

Question 7

thyroxine (thyroid gland)

Answer 7

increases protein synthesis rate, energy production from food

Question 8

insulin

Answer 8

increases energy production from glucose

Question 9

parathyroid hormone

Answer 9

increases calcium reabsorption, +blood calcium level

Question 10

calcitonin

Answer 10

decreases calcium reabsorption -blood calcium level

Question 11

estrogen/testosterone

Answer 11

promotes epiphyses clore, retains bone calcium for strong matrix

Question 12

calcium level in bone

Answer 12

calcium removed replaced by equal amount

Question 13

osteoporosis

Answer 13

insufficent calcium replacements

Question 14

causes of osteoporosis

Answer 14

smoking, insufficent calcium intake, inactivity, lack of sex hormones

Question 15

effect of calcium deficiency in bones

Answer 15

brittle bones and likely fractures