U5 Vocab Flashcards
Intensive farming
ag involving greater inputs of capital & paid labor relative to space being used
Market gardening
Growing fruits & veggies for the purpose of canning & freezing
Mixed crop livestock
Type of farming using an integrated system where crops grown are used to feed livestock on the same farm
Ranching
Commercial grazing of animals confined to specific area
Clustered
Rural settlement where houses & farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other & fields surround the settlement
Linear
Rural settlement where buildings clustered along road or river
Metes and bounds
Land survey system that uses physical features of local geography along with directions & distances to define land boundaries
Fertile crescent
Region between Tigris & Euphrates in the Middle East known for arable land
Neolithic
Ag rev that began in the 60s
Third
Ag rev that was origin of farming, marked by domestication of plants & animals
Double cropping
Harvesting twice/yr from the same field
Bid-rent Theory
Geographic economic theory, explains how price & demand for real estate changes depending on distance from Central Business District
Desertification
Previously fertile land becomes arid
Slash and burn
Cultivation method where forests are burned & cleared for planting
Irrigation
Watering crops by bringing in water by man-made means
Aquaculture (HINT: Aqualung)
Name given to farming & raising of fish and marine life
Fair trade
Farmers & producers are paid a just price for products
Substinence
Farmers grow crops for consumption, not sale
Mechanization
Ag; replacement of human labor w/ technology or machines
Pesticides
Chems used to treat ag crops so as to kill any insects/animals that could try to damage them
Milkshed
Area surrounding dairy farm where milk can be supplied w/o spoiling
Dispersed
Rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms
Extensive farming
Ag that uses fewer inputs of capital & labor relative to the amount of space being used
Plantation
Type of ag where large commercial farms in tropical climates specialize in one crop, usually cash crop
Pastoral nomadism
Subsistence ag based on herding domesticated animals
Shifting cultivation
Ag when people move farming activity from one field to another
Township and range
Rectangular land division scheme designed to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior
Long lot
Distinct regional approach to surveying land in Quebec, Louisiana, & Texas where land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers or roads
Columbian Exchange
Interchange of plants, animals, diseases, & techs between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’ voyages
Second
Ag rev in which advances of the Industrial Revolution were used to increase food supplies & support pop growth
Grain
Farming w/ growing of spring & winter wheat
Carrying capacity
Max number of people an area can support
Von Thunen model
model that explains ag land use patterns based on transportation cost; more intensive farming closer to the market, extensive farming further away
Soil salinization
Water evaporates off newly irrigated land, leaving salt behind
Terrace farming
Used on hilly terrain where steps are carved into steep land to provide flat area for farming and irrigation
GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)
Acronym for organism whose genetic structure has been altered to make it more useful & efficient for humans
Biodiversity
Variety of species within specific habitat
Organic
Agriculture that avoids use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
Food deserts
Little to no access to healthy, affordable food
Agribusiness
Ag characterized by integration of diff steps in food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corps
Domestication
Adapting wild plants & animals for human use
Crop rotation
Using different fields for different crops year to year to avoid exhausting soil
Enclosure acts
Laws that fenced land previously owned by villages & consolidated it into farms owned by individuals
