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U4 Counselling Study > U4 > Flashcards

U4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is DEVELOPMENT?

A

Development is enduring growth and change that makes an individual better adapted to the environment.

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2
Q

How does development help?

A

It enhances the individuals ability to engage, understand & experience more complex behaviour, thinking and emotions.

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3
Q

What is the length of development?

A

It is a persons process over a lifespan, the change occurred, the behaviour and stability from birth to death.

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4
Q

Why is it important for Counsellors to know the stages of Development?

A

Provides
1. An explanation as to why people think and act the way they do

  1. It can be a baseline that indicates where r u? a person should be within their development
    Eg what is considered normal

3.evidence for the interventions a counsellor chooses to conduct with their clients

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5
Q

How many HUMAM DEVELOPMENT THEORIES are there?

A

5

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6
Q

What are the 5 PERSONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORIES?

A
  • Freud’s psychosexual theory
  • Erickson’s pyschosocial stages
  • Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development
  • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  • Learning theories
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7
Q

Which is more important… Nature vs Nurture?

A

Both are regarded is important in the modern counselling process.
Both factors of the clients upbringing need to be assessed within the counselling process.

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8
Q

What are the factors of NATURE?

A

-Physical Health

-Family History of conditions
Eg anxiety depression schizophrenia and substance abuse

-physiological biology, needs and drives

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9
Q

What are the factors of NURTURE?

A
  • living environment
  • support systems
  • cultural factors
  • education
  • childhood history eg traumatic childhood events and behavioural models eg mother father
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10
Q

Is MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS known as HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY based on?

A

It is based on the human capacity for creativity, growth and choice.
It argues that development is not dominated by unconscious forces.

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12
Q

What does it highlight for clients in the counselling process?

A

It highlights the clients strengths and their potential for change

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13
Q

Does Maslow’s theory focus more on ‘human motivation’ or ‘human development’?

A

Human motivation

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14
Q

What are the “Physiological Needs” first needs in maslow’s hierarchy pyramid?

A

Survival and physiological needs

  • air
  • food
  • Sex
  • sleep
  • shelter
  • water
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15
Q

What are the SAFETY AND SECURITY needs in Maslow’s Theory?

A
  • Safety

- Security

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16
Q

What are the ‘BELONGING & LOVE needs’ in Maslow’s Theory?

A
  • Social needs
  • friendship
  • family
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17
Q

What consists of the 4th level (ESTEEM NEEDS) of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  • Esteem
  • Self Esteem
  • confidence
  • Achievement
18
Q

What are the final needs that create a whole individual in Maslow’s theory? SELF ACTUALISATION NEEDS

A
  • Self actualisation
  • creativity
  • problem solving
  • authenticity
  • spontaneity
19
Q

Does Maslow’s H of Needs Theory assume that basic needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be met?

A

Yes

20
Q

What results in PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS NOT being met?

A

Acute or chonic illness/death

21
Q

What results in SAFETY AND SEC NEEDS NOT being met?

A

DEVIANT-

Addictions, delinquency, mental and behavioural disorders, crime often follows teens and early adulthood

22
Q

What results in 3rd needs not being met?

Belonging love and social needs

A

The DEPENDANT

Mental disorders addictions co dependency

23
Q

What is the result if ESTEEM NEEDS aren’t met?

A

Isolate self
Withdrawn into own world and career
Seeks recognition in inappropriate ways

24
Q

What is the result if SELF ACTUALISATION NEEDs aren’t met?

A

Person remains unsatisfied and unfulfilled in life.
Drift from job to job
Guru to guru

25
Q

What are the two main types of LEARNING THEORIES?

A
  • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

- OPERANT CONDITIONING

26
Q

What is an example of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Learning?

A

Bell rung before feeding your dog

Dog began associating the sound of the bell with the presentation of food

27
Q

What is an example of OPERANT CONDITIONING LEARNING?

A

Command to sit by master to dog
Once dog sat
Dog gets treat

Repeated behaviour if followed by treat

28
Q

What is the definition of OMIT?

A

To leave out intentionally or forgetfully
Synonyms
Neglect/fail/forget

29
Q

What is OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING?

A

It is the learning acquired by observing and imitating the behaviours we see in others

30
Q

What are the other names referred to OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING?

A
  • Modelling
  • Social learning
  • Social conflictive Theory
31
Q

What is an example of CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?

A

Nick is comforted by the smell of shaylas perfume as it reminds him of the perfume of his sister who he always felt happy and comfortable around

32
Q

What is an example of OPERANT CONDITIONING?

A

Moo the dog rolls over as she has learnt that when she does she’d be rewarded with a pat and food
(Positive reinforcement)

33
Q

What is an example of ‘observational Learning’?

A

Kim attempts to be a bigger person and not lower herself to being a bitch when she’s angry
As she seen the benefit’s of not having any guilt after, when her friend Summer didn’t stoop to lower levels.

34
Q

Using S F Theory
If a lady presents herself with smoking addiction and nail biting habits , what stage would Freud think she was unsatisfied in?

A

Oral stage

35
Q

What are the stages of S F Theory?

A 
ORAL
ANAL
PHALLIC
LATAENCY
GENITAL
36
Q

What are the three parts of the Psyche (S.F)?

A

ID
EGO
SUPER EGO

37
Q

What is an example of someone acting from their ID?

A

When someone is tailgating you and you get the urge to stick your finger up, wind down the window and yell abuse.
(Subconscious)

38
Q

What is an example of superego

A

Parental or high moral behaviour

Conscious

39
Q

What is example of EGO BEHAVIOUR?

A

Preconcious and conscious attitude
Adult behaviour
Weighing up the good and the bad to Crete the best outcome.

40
Q

How many DEFENCE MECHANISMS ARE THERE IN FRUEDS THEORY?

A

6

41
Q

What are the 6 DEFENCE MECHANISMS?

A
  • DISPLACEMENT
  • PROJECTION

-RATIONALISATION
making excuses
It’s because He’s an alcoholic

-REACTION FORMATION react happy when sad
Angry when hurt

  • REPRESSION forget
  • REGRESSION act like child throw tantrum

U4 Counselling Study (1 decks)

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