u3aos1 - types of fuels (ch2.2) Flashcards
fossil fuels
3 marks
naturally occuring fuels
that are formed form the geological past of
remains of living organisms
characteristics of fossil fuels.
4 marks
- non-renewable source as the usage rate > production rate
- derived from dead remains of animals + plants
- takes millions of years to form
- not considered carbon neutral.
natural gas
2 marks
a fossil fuel made of methane
found in the deposits of the earths crust.
natural gas and biogas are both forms of….
1 mark
methane (CH4)
how is natural gas extracted
3 mark
drilling holes into the earth to
unlock the natural gas from the underground reservoirs
hydrocarbons
4 marks
non-polar molecules
bonded through dispersion forces
as the carbon chain gets longer, more dispersion forces bond them together
leading to a higher boiling point.
coal seam gas
3 marks
a natural gas (methane)
trapped between layers of coal deposits
under high pressure.
biogas
3 marks
a biofuel (methane)
produced through the breakdown of organic waste by
anaerobic fermentation of bacteria.
industrial ethanol and bioethanol are both forms of…
1 mark
ethanol DUHHH
industrial ethanol
1 mark
NOT IN STUDY DESIGN
antiseptic substance used in many industries
what two components make up industrial ethanol
2 marks
NOT IN STUDY DESIGN
ethene (C2H4)
steam (H2O)
bioethanol
3 marks
a biofuel
composed of alcohol
derived from different cellulose-rich plants
cellulose rich substances/plants which help produce bioethanol
3 marks
barley
grapes
glucose
how is bioethanol produced
3 marks
the fermentation reaction of glucose
which is catalysed by yeast
glucose is produced VIA photosynthesis
fermentation reaction to produce bioethanol
4 marks
C6H12O6 (aq) –yeast–> 2CO2 (g) + 2C2H5OH (aq)
petrol diesel
a fossil fuel
mixture of hydrocarbons (alkanes)
crude oil
1 mark
a mixture of hydrocarbons
how is petrol extracted?
3 marks
extracted as crude oil
and then seperated into fractions via fractional distillation by differentiating the boiling points.
