Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physical Education > U3AoS1 - Biomechanical Principles > Flashcards

U3AoS1 - Biomechanical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Biomechanical Principles

A

Study of human movement and the forces acting upon it, both internal and external. During both motion and stationary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mass

A

Is the quantity of matter found within a particular body/object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency for an object to resist a change in its state of motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Relationship between mass and inertia

A

The greater the mass, the greater the inertia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Force

A

Can be described as a push or pull on an object.
Mass x Acceleration
Internal and External
Force applied needs to be greater than the inertia for movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The effects of Force on an object

A
  1. Change the shape of an object
  2. Change an objects speed/motion (acceleration, negative acceleration)
  3. Change an objects direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Torque

A

Force around an axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Internal Force

A

Muscles pulling on bones at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

External forces

A

Air and water resistance, friction and gravitational forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Air and water resistance

A

A frictional force that occurs when one of the surfaces is air or water (drag force)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Friction

A

Occurs when two surfaces contact each other. Friction can be manipulated to be increased or decreased.
E.g. Curling, soccer and golf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gravitational Forces

A

Constant downward force acting at 9.8m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gravity effect on ball flight path

A

Force of gravity brings ball back to earth in a parabolic path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motion

A

Refers to the change in position of an object/body in relation to time. Something moving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Motion

A
  1. Angular Motion
  2. Linear Motion
  3. General Motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acceleration description

A

An object positively changing motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deceleration

A

Something decreasing motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Velocity

A

Speed with a direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Linear Motion

A

Something moving in a straight line or curved path. All parts travel the same distance in the same direction and time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Angular Motion

A

When a body part moves around a central axis/twisting or rotates around an axis.
Axis is stationary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

General Motion

A

Linear and Angular Motion
eg. cycling and running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If acceleration is 0

A

The speed is constant and unchanging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Newtons Laws

A
  • Inertia
    -Force and Acceleration - Action and Reaction
  • Rarely used in Isolation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Newtons First Law

A

An object will stay at rest or continue to travel in the same direction at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
- If an object is at rest, it will remain at rest. If the object is in motion, it will tend to remain in motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Newtons first law referring to mass.
The greater the mass, the greater the inertia. More force is therefore required to change motion.
26
Newtons Second Law
The rate of acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied to it and in the direction in which the force is applied - If mass stays the same, the greater the force = the greater the acceleration - An object will accelerate faster when a greater force is applied.
27
In order to generate maximal force
Mass and acceleration should be highest. However, there is a trade off between mass and acceleration - pyshiological struggle.
28
If the amount of force produced by a body is equivalent
Then the object with more mass will not accelerate as quickly.
29
Newtons Third Law
When two objects come into contact with one another, they exert equal forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction to one another. - For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
30
Newtons Third Law in an answer
Must state - action force - reactive force - equal and opposite force - performance benefit.
31
Momentum
A measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion.
32
Types of momentum
Linear momentum and angular momentum
33
Linear Momentum formula
Mass x Velocity
34
Angular Momentum formula
Moment of inertia x angular velocity
35
Moment of inertia
The resistance of a body to change its angular momentum. Can be manipulated by shifting body parts.
36
Angular velocity
Rate of rotation around and axis (RPM) . MOI must be changed to change AV.
37
Linear Momentum
Zero velocity = zero momentum If two objects have the same mass, the object with the greater velocity will have greater momentum. Greater the momentum = harder to stop
38
Conservation of linear momentum
States that when two objects come into contact, the total momentum that existed before the collision is the same as the total momentum after. Transfer of momentum based on which object has the greater mass/velocity.
39
All momentum
is conserved.
40
Decreased moment of Inertia
Bring mass closer to rotation axis will increase angular velocity
41
Increased moment of inertia
Take mass away from the axis will decrease angular velocity
42
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Once a force is applied, angular momentum is conserved (mass will not change). Only angular velocity can be changed by changing MOI.
43
Summation of momentum
Use large muscles first, each body part then sequentially accelerated, each body part stabilized before momentum transferred.
44
Why do we use large muscles first?
Such as thighs and trunk, these have high mass and hence move more slowly. Large body parts initiate the movement and provide the base for support.
45
Sequentially accelerated
Momentum from large and slow, to small light and fast body parts.
46
Why do we use Summation of momentum?
- By using as many body parts as possible of possible, the time over which the force is applied is maximized. - Follow through is important so the last body part doesn't slow down.
47
Impulse
Force x time = change in momentum.
48
Impulse reasoning
Applying force for longer results in a change of momentum. Impulse can be applied to an object to either increase or decrease momentum.
49
Injury prevention
Absorbing force over time will decrease the momentum
50
Using no mat
Will result in a larger impact force as the force is absorbed in a short period of time.
51
Using a mat
Crash mats aborbs the force over a longer period of time, less risk of injury due to smaller impact force.
52
Cricket ball example
Moving your hands back will increase the amount of time over which the force is applied to your hands, decreasing the impulse.
53
Projectile
any object that is launched into the air becomes a projectile. - affected by air resistance and gravity Concerned with the vertical, horizonal or a combination distance.
54
Factors affecting path and distance of a projectile.
Speed of Release (2nd Law) Angle of Release Height of Release
55
Speed of Release
- The greater the force applied, the greater the acceleration - Increasing the speed of release = further and faster travel
56
Acceleration formula
Force/mass
57
Angle of Release
The optimal angle of release to travel the greatest distance is 45 degrees.
58
Height of Release
If the angle and speed of release are constant, an object released from a greater height will travel further.
59
Relative projectile height = 0
45 degree release angle eg. Golf and Soccer
60
Relative projectile height = 2m
<45 degree angle eg. Cricket and bowling
61
Relative projectile height = -1.5m
>45 degree angle eg. Netball and Basketball
62
Stability and Balance can be manipulated by:
1. Base of Support 2. Mass 3. Line of Gravity 4. Centre of Gravity
63
Stability and Balance can be improved by:
- Lowering center of gravity - widening base of support 3. Ensure line of gravity is in the middle of base of support.
64
Levers
Simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate around in axis to exert force. Bones = Rigid bar Joints = axis Force = Muscles contract
65
Axis
AKA Fulcrum The turning point of the lever
66
Force (Levers)
AKA Effort - the point where force is applied
67
Resistance
AKA Load The weight being moved
68
ARF Acronym
RAF = 1st class ARF = 2nd class AFR = 3rd class
69
1st and 2nd Class Levers
Role = Decreasing the amount of force required to move a mass. No first class levers in the body - 2nd class lever = calf raise.
70
Force arm
The distance between the axis and the force
71
Resistance arm
Distance between the load and the fulcrum.
72
3rd Class Levers
Role = increase the speed and range of movement at the end of the lever.
73
Benefit of increasing the Resistance arm
Increasing the resistance arm = increased range of motion and therefore speed. Allows for increased linear velocity to be transferred to objects resulting in increased distance.
74
Mechanical advantage
If resistance arm is longer than the force arm = less than one (which more force is required to move the object) as they increase the speed of the lever not the force.
75
Running example referring to inertia
Decreasing the moment of inertia and resistance arm enables the leg to be swung through more quickly, greater angular velocity.
76
Displacement
Straight line path travelled between two points including direction
77
Distance
Total length of path travelled between two points
78
Speed
Time taken to cover a certain distance distance/time
79
Velocity
Speed with a direction displacement/time
80
Acceleration formula
Change in velocity over a period of time velocity/time.
81
Weight
The force that gravitation exerts upon a body, equal to the mass of the body x gravity force.
82
Equilibrium
No acceleration of body (no change of speed + direction)
83
Centre of Gravity
The average location of all the weight of an object
84
Stability
Resistance to a disruption of equilibrium.
85
Line of gravity
Imaginary vertical line passing from the centre of gravity of an object to the ground
86
Base of Support
The area beneath a person that includes every point of contact with a surface
87
Linear Velocity
How quickly something is changing motion in a straight line or curved path.

Physical Education (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions