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U3 Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

when someone perceives a situation as being threatening and beyond their ability to cope which causes physiological changes to their body

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2
Q

Acute Stress

A

short term stress

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3
Q

Chronic Stress

A

long term stress

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4
Q

Stressor

A

anything that causes stress

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5
Q

physiological stress response

A

fight or flight response, prepares body for action
includes heart racing, heating up, sweating,

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6
Q

cortisol

A

a stress hormone

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7
Q

appraisals

A

process of assessing the relevance of a potential stressor and how well you think you can cope with it

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8
Q

primary appraisal

A

deciding whether a potential stressor is irrelevant, harmless, harmful, or threatening, or challenging

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9
Q

secondary appraisal

A

deciding if you have the resources to cope with a potential stressor

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10
Q

warrior/worrier hypothesis

A

warriors/the vals have better cognition under stress
worriers/mets are more easily overwhelmed by stress.

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11
Q

TSST

A

trier social stress test

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12
Q

PSS

A

perceived social stress
measured by cortisol levels, blood pressure, heart rate

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13
Q

ACEs

A

Adverse Childhood Experiences, if you score 4 or more you are at risk to stress implications.

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14
Q

Subjective social status (SSS)

A

a self-report of your own relative social status (sense of place in a hierarchy)

measured with MacArthurs (ladder) scale, 1-10, where 1 means you are with the bottom people (worst off), 10 means you are near the very top people (best off)

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15
Q

Prevalence rate

A

the proportion of individuals within a population who have a specific disorder or characteristic at a given time or over a specific period.

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16
Q

Internal locus of control

A

the belief that you have control of what happens in your life

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17
Q

External locus of control

A

the belief that things in your life are out of you control and are up to fate

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18
Q

HPA axis

A

regulates body stress management involving hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands.

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19
Q

Amygdala

A

processes emotions, regulates anxiety, alerts hypothalamus and rest of brain when there is potential threat

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20
Q

Resilience

A

positive adaption despite adversity

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21
Q

Approach coping

A

coping with stress by trying to directly deal with the stressor

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22
Q

Avoidance coping

A

coping with stress by avoiding the stressor

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23
Q

Biopsychosocial model of health

A

model of health that suggest health is the product of the combination of internal and external factors

24
Q

The BPS model of challenge and threat

A

proposes that psychological states of challenge and threat, experienced during goal pursuit, are linked to specific cardiovascular responses.

25
Dispositional factor
internal personal characteristics we possess, such as genetic makeup, beliefs, values, attitudes and personality
26
Determinant of health
personal, environmental, and social factors that influence an individuals health status
27
Risk and protective factors
Risk factors are characteristics that may increase the likelihood of experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Protective factors are characteristics that may decrease the likelihood of experiencing adverse childhood experiences
28
examples of risk factors
low SSS, avoidant coping, poor social support, low hippocampal volume
29
examples of protective factors
high self-efficacy, approach coping, resilience, strong social support,
30
Health promotion programs
MiSP is a health promotion program that practices mindfulness in schools
31
eustress vs distress
eustress is the positive stress response where optimal levels of stimulation occur distress is the negative stress response where physiological changes can cause health risks.
32
stress vs anxiety
stress is typically a short term response to an external factor anxiety is long term feeling of uneasiness with seemingly no factors
33
why is stress difficult to measure
everyone views and experiences stress differently measures: stressors, psychological interpretations like appraisals, and physiological stress response
34
what are people with low SES and low SSS more at risk for
chronic stress and related health problems
35
David Goggin's ACEs
abusive father (mother is a victim of abusive violence), physical/emotional neglect, loss of parent through divorce and death.
36
4 or more ACEs lead to
hyperreactive amygdala and risk for developing physiological and psychological illnesses
37
the stress response + trauma
amygdala signals brain when there is threat which triggers HPA axis and release of stress hormones cortisol the more trauma experienced causes hyper reactive amygdala allowing them to react faster and with more activity to threats. this is a survival adaptation
38
status and stress
old belief that higher status increases stress however Salposky's research finds that lower status primates have higher stress and Whitehall studies concludes that lower status employees report more stress and higher rates of death from heart disease other factors include social support and amount of stressors
39
socioeconomic status (SES)
measure of social status including your job, education, income. (high) SES is negatively correlated with mental and physical health problems
40
health effects of loneliness
similar to those of obesity, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity people without strong social support are more likely to die of heart disease/cancer etc.
41
structural support vs functional support
structural is the amount of social support you have around you (quantity) functional is how useful the social support is or how you use it. (quality) eg physical and emotional support (money/empathy)
42
COMT gene
an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters that has variations Val Met.
43
1. val-val 2. met-met
1. warrior 2. worrier
44
warrior-worrier hypothesis
individuals with different COMT genes will react to stress. warriors have higher tolerance and resiliency and worriers have lower tolerance and increased vulnerability to stressful situations
45
vals
produce more COMT enzyme which breaks down neurotransmitters and regulates dopamine and therefore attention and memory.
46
mets
produce less COMT enzyme less enzyme means more neurotransmitters (dopamine and noradrenaline) in the synapse
47
negative thinking and the BPS model
we are hardwired to see the negative side of things, shifting your focus from neg to pos just like in BPS u shift viewing it as a threat to viewing it as a challenge
48
ways stress is measured
blood pressure, cortisol levels, questionnaires, interviews, surveys
49
girls are 'more stressed' than boys because..
lower SES and lower SSS more reactive amygdala more likely to have external locus of control
50
men are __% more likely to die from _____________ than women
50%, hear disease
51
in the TSST singing test, did men or women have higher cortisol levels
men
52
testosterone
male sex hormone, higher in males, linked with aggression, linked to competitiveness and social status, increases when there is a threat to status
53
Trait dominance
personality trait characterized by trying to maintain status through fear or intimidation
54
PARA
Pause Accept Remember Appreciate
55
why does mindfulness reduce stress
improve function in prefrontal cortex and amygdala and hippocampus + replaces inefficient strategies such as avoidant coping
56
Sapolsky's 4 characteristics of psychological stressors
Lack of predictability Lack of control Lack of outlets for frustration The interpretation of the stressor

Health Psychology (2 decks)

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