U3 Nazi Germany Flashcards
Effect the Treaty of Versailles had on Germany (6)
Germany was made to pay £6.6 Billion in reparations
Germany was made to return Alsace-Lorraine to France - coal rich area
German army was reduced to 100,000 men and not allowed tanks, airforce or submarines
The Rhineland was demilitarised
All foreign colonies taken from Germany and Land returned to Poland
Germany could no longer have an alliance with Austria
Why were german upset about the Treaty of Versailles (6)
It was believed by many nationalist that they were stabbed in the back as they believed the war wasn’t over.
Many Germans felt they were not at fault for the war but had to take blame for it - Article 231
Germany’s armed forces were majorly reduced which made many feel vulnerable
The introduction of the Rhinelands DMZ made many German citizens feel vulnerable to an oncoming invasion from France
Territory was taken from Germany depriving it from much of the countries income
£6.6 Billion in reparations almost ensured the German economy would never recover
What did Weimar Constitution allow for (6)
The Weimar Constitution was formed as a result of the Kaiser abdicating and the country no longer having a leader
The Weimar Constitution lead to Germany becoming a Republic
It allowed all men and women over the age of 20 to vote
It allowed Free speech and open religion for the first time in Germany
It allowed for anyone to form a political party
It granted German people more privacy as the police now needed warrants to search people’s letters and houses
Events of the Spartacist revolt (6)
100,000 workers went on strike in the centre of Berlin - later taken over by Spartacist leaders
Newspaper and communication buildings taken over by workers
The workers began to arm themselves and set up places to hide behind by stacking paper
Many of the workers left and went home as they were annoyed by the little planning
Weimar government employed the Freikorps to take control of the city
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg killed by freikorps
Events of the Munich Putsch (6)
Hitler and the SS invaded a beer hall in Bavaria where a political meeting was being held.
Hitler rounded up all of the important leaders in a back room and told them his plan - saying he needed their help in running the country
Hitler left Ludendorff in charge of the leaders while he left for Munich
Ludendorff let the leaders tell their wife’s they had to stay longer.
Van Kahr informed the authorities and Munich police of hitlers plan
Hitler and the Nazis were met with a violent response In which they were not prepared for
16 Nazis were shot and Hitler and Ludendorff were both arrested
Economic problems of the Weimar Government (6)
Germany was facing a major hyper-inflation crisis after France invaded the Ruhr as Germany could not pay their reparations
The Weimar Government demanded all people inside the Ruhr not work for the French and that they would still receive pay.
It came to the point where people could no longer carry enough money to buy items and now had to barter when buying things.
Many people had their entire savings wiped out.
Many people were able to pay off loans and debts as they didn’t change.
It did not affect rich people as they were able to leave the country or sell expensive items for foreign currency.
Farmers were barely effected as their food remained in demand and could be sold for whatever they chose or bartered. for
Why were people discontent with the Weimar Governement (6)
They were labelled as the November criminals due to their signing of the treaty of Versailles
They were largely blamed for Hyper-Inflation despite them later fixing their mistakes
They were seen as a violent party due to their use of the Freikorps
There was a large amount of Germans who did not agree that Democracy was the way forward
Proportional representation led to many smaller parties opposing each other
Dawes and Young Plan collapsed due to the Wall Street crash destroying the German economy for the second time.
Reasons for rise of the Nazis (6)
The Nazis planned on dismissing the treaty of Versailles and stopping reparations
The Nazis promised to fix unemployment with the public works act which would have people work on public infrastructure
The Nazis used propaganda as a way to discredit opposition with the November Criminals myth and the stab in the back myth
Discontent with the Weimar government was another reason as people wanted them out due to their failures with economy and signing of the treaty of Versailles
The Spartacist revolt was another reason as during the election, Communists and Weimar Government could not unite due their previous altercation
Effects of the Reichstag fire (4)
It allowed for Hitler to imprison communist leaders and expel them from parliament
He announced that the Communists were a danger to the country, this gained Nazi votes who were seen as anti-communist
Hindenburg declared a state of emergency using Article 48 to begin censoring newspaper and phone calls being checked
It lead to Hitler passing the enabling act
How did the Nazis Consolidate power (6)
Hitler passed the enabling act in parliament which gave him dictatorial powers to pass laws without consulting the parliament
The Nazis took control of the police system allowing them to imprison opposition
Hitler began the building of concentration camps originally meant for political opposition
With the enabling act Hitler removes every other political party from the Reichstag
The gestapo are formed to spy on any rebellions planned as well as find out what the public thinks of the Nazi party
The SA begin to demand more control so Hitler has the SS kill their leaders so that he doesn’t lose support from the Army.
How did the Nazis control Germany through fear, intimidation, and propaganda? (6)
Concentration camps were used as a way to punish those acting outside Nazi rule - Dachau in 1933
Public execution - 64 in 1933
SS manned the concentration camps and were known killers - night of the long knifes
Gestapo were secret police who were meant to eliminate opposition to the Nazis - 6000 members
Nazi people’s court was used to always get the outcome which Nazis wanted and were unfair to those being trialed
Propaganda was used to make Hitler out as a great leader, build hatred for Jews and Communists
How were minority groups treated in Germany? (6)
The Nuremberg Laws stated that Jews could not have any relation to people of German blood
The SS would stand outside Jewish shops to stop people entering
Kristellnacht , The night of glass involved the SS destroying and burning Synagogues and Shops
People who were seen as undesirables, Homosexuals, The disabled and other religious people were sent to concentration camps
Mentally and Physically disabled people were sterilised as well as those with hereditary diseases
Between 1939-41 100,000 Mentally and Physically disabled people were euthanised without consent of their families or their knowledges
Opposition to the Nazis (6)
Protestant pastors formed the confessional church to oppose Hitlers Reich Church
Hitler was not following the signed Concordant so the Pope sent a message known as “with Burning Concern” to be read in all churches
The Edelweiss pirates would fight members of the Hitler Youth and sing folk songs
1944 a bomb was placed by Colonel Staufennberg at a meeting Hitler attended in an assassination plot
Normal German workers would often put up anti-Nazi posters as well as go on organised strikes and rallies one being during the 1936 olympics
Swing youth and Jazz Youth would rejected Nazi values, drank alcohol and danced to so called “Negro Music”
