U3 Learning process

Question 1

What is the meaning of learning?

Answer 1

The process of learning is continuous which starts right from the time of birth till death.

For learning to occur, two things are important:

1. Presence of a stimulus in the environment
2. Innate dispositions like emotional & instinctual dispositions

Question 2

Define Learning

Answer 2

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior which takes place as a result of experience.

Question 3

Explain the types of learning.

Answer 3

1. Motor Learning = day-to-day activities (walking, running, driving) which must be learnt to ensure a good life. These activities involve muscular coordination.
2. Verbal Learning = language used to communicate, and other forms of verbal communication (symbols, words, sounds, figures, signs)
3. Concept Learning = Associated with higher order cognitive processes (intelligence, thinking, reasoning) which we learn right from childhood. Involves processes of abstraction and generalization, which is useful for identifying or recognizing things.
4. Discrimination Learning = learning which differentiates between various stimuli with its appropriate response
5. Learning of Principles = learning based on principles helps in managing work most effectively. Also, explains the relationship between various concepts.
6. Attitude Learning = attitude shapes our behavior to a great extent, as positive or negative behavior is based on attitudinal predisposition.

Question 4

What are the 3 types of behavioral learning?

Answer 4

• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Observational learning

Question 5

Define “exceptional child”?

Answer 5

One who deviates physically, intellectually (mental), emotionally or socially from that of normal/average child.
So vastly from the normal expected growth and developmental patterns, that they are unable to progress effectively in a regular school program.

Requiring them to attend special class, special instruction, or special services.

Question 6

Name the types of Exceptional Children.

Answer 6

1. Intellectual Exceptionala. The Gifted - IQ of 130 or above
   b. The Backward - There are two kinds: Inborn, Acquired
   c. The Mentally retarded - Neurodevelopment disorder
   d. The Creative
   e. The Learning Disability - Neurological condition
2. Physically Exceptional
   
   1. Deaf & Dumb
   2. Blind & Mild blind
   3. Orthopedically handicapped
   4. Children with speech defects
3. Emotionally Exceptional = delinquents
4. Socially Exceptional = underprivileged children
5. Multi-exceptional = children with more than 1 defect.

Question 7

Describe the characteristics of an exceptional child.

Answer 7

• Exceptional children deviate vastly from average children
• Deviation is so great that it can be easily distinguished
• Falling in any behavioral or developmental dimensions (physical, emotional, social, or intellectual)
• These children experience unique problems, which require modification to school practices, special education, and other related services. In order to maximizes their functional level.

Question 8

How do you deal with an exceptional child?

Answer 8

• Show understanding & patience through time when they are struggling.
• Treat their disability as normal, as children could be insecure
• Support friendships between disabled and non-disabled children
• Encourage decision making and independence
• Never force them, always consider their physical abilities
• Give proper support & encouragement
• Special Education:
  Exceptional children have special and unusual needs that can be met through special education, as part of general education.
  Specially designed instructions, curriculum, facilities, services

Question 9

What are some effective classroom management habits?

Answer 9

• Set the tone
• Jump right in
• Establish rules
• Have a plan
• Involve the kids
• Respect the kids
• Keep it fair

Question 10

Explain the concept of integration & inclusion.

Answer 10

Since 1994, “inclusive education” has emerged in education for exceptional children.

In inclusive setting, the focus is on:

• developing supportive classrooms & schools that fit, nurture, meeting educational & social needs in the least restrictive and most effective environment, by focusing on quality of schooling

When schools modify their operations to include all students, it ensures acceptance and respect despite differences.

If an exceptional child has access to any school, it promotes positive attitudes, improvement in academic & social skills in preparation for community living.