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K9 / Feline > U3: K9 Repro > Flashcards

U3: K9 Repro Flashcards

1
Q

For males, sterilization reduces what behavioural traits?

A
  • inappropriate mounting
  • inter-male aggression
  • territorial aggression
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2
Q

For males, sterilization reduces chance of what medical problems?

A
  • prostatitis
  • testicular tumours
  • anal gland adenomas
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3
Q

For females, sterilization reduces the chance of what medical problems?

A
  • recurrent false pregnancies
  • uterine and ovarian cancers/infections
  • diabetes mellitus
  • mammary tumours
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4
Q

What can females be given for short-term control of fertility?

A
  • Megesterol acetate (Ovaban)
  • Mibolerone (cheque drops, like a birth control pill)
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5
Q

What are the stages of the heat cycle?

A
  1. Proestrus
  2. Estrus
  3. Metestrus/Diestrus
  4. Anestrus
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6
Q

What is proestrus?

A

Prior to estrus, she will not allow the male to breed (will have discharge)

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7
Q

What is estrus?

A

Standing heat and during the stage she will allow male to breed

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8
Q

What is metestrus/diestrus?

A

After estrus, she will still have a discharge, but will not allow the male to breed

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9
Q

What is anestrus?

A

When she is not in heat, so the rest of the year

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10
Q

What injection is deemed too toxic for accidental breeding and why?

A

An estrogen injection, which was injected within 48 of breeding to prevent pregnancy. However, it had fatal side effects such as bone marrow suppression and pyometra.

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11
Q

What option is used if there is an accidental breeding and the owner does not wish to breed her in the future?

A

Spaying during pregnancy.

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12
Q

What option is used if there is an accidental breeding and the owner wishes to breed her in the future?

A

Medications that affect the hormones involved in maintaining the pregnancy administered during the second trimester that causes the litter to be aborted. Typically hospitalized for 5-7 days during this time.

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13
Q

What should the stud and bitch be before breeding?

A
  • up to date on vaccines
  • free of intestinal worms
  • in good health
  • at a good body weight
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14
Q

Steps of breeding?

A
  1. Male sniffs and licks vulva, then mounts
  2. Begins pelvic thrusts
  3. Male ejaculates 1 - 5 ml of semen
  4. Partially dismounts then remains in a tied position for 5-30 minutes where he releases 5-30 ml of prostatic fluid
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15
Q

How many times should a female be bred to maximize conception rates?

A

At least three times, once every other day

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16
Q

What are the methodologies for artificial semination?

A
  • fresh dog-to-dog AI
  • fresh-extended (chilled) semen insemination
  • frozen semen insemination
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17
Q

What are the techniques (insertions) of AI?

A
  • vaginal deposition
  • surgical implant
  • trans-cervical insemination
18
Q

What is trans-cervical insemination?

A

Performed using an endoscope or the “Norwegian catheter”. Does not require sedation

19
Q

Which semen has the lowest success rate?

A

Frozen semen, as it only lives for 2-12 hours after thaw

20
Q

What are the most common reasons for AI failure?

A
  • breeding at an inappropriate time (usually too early)
  • failure to follow up with inseminations later at the correct time
21
Q

What is the usual length of gestation in the dog?

A

63 days, plus or minus two days

22
Q

What are the three (+1) methods of detecting pregnancy in the bitch?

A
  1. Palpation
  2. Ultrasound
  3. Radiography
    (+1): Blood test (performed 20 days after diestrus)
23
Q

When can uterine swellings be detected?

A

21-30 days after diestrus (D1)

24
Q

When can an ultrasound typically be performed?

A

~20 days after diestrus, though usually performed between days 24 and 30

25
Q

When can a radiography usually be performed?

A

37 days after diestrus, when fetal skeletons have mineralized

26
Q

How soon before the expected date of parturition should a whelping area be prepared?

A

7-10 days

27
Q

What temperature should the whelping area be at?

A

15-24°C

28
Q

What bedding should be used in the whelping box?

A

Something that is either disposable or washable; newspaper, shredded paper, heavy towels or blankets

29
Q

What marks the first stage of labour?

A

A 1/2 - 1 °C drop in temperature due to a drop in progesterone

30
Q

How long does the first stage of labour last?

A

1-36 hours, average of 9 hours

31
Q

How long does the second stage of labour last?

A

3-6 hours depending on the size of the litter. May extend to 24 hours in some dogs. Average of 20-60 minutes per puppy

32
Q

What marks the second stage of labour?

A

The presence of the amniotic sac at the lips of the vulva

33
Q

What is the third stage of labour?

A

The passage of the placenta, which typically passes within 45 minutes of the puppy’s birth

34
Q

What is dystocia?

A

The term for a difficult birth. Said to occur when the second stage of labour exceeds the normal 3-6 hours.

35
Q

The bitch should not be allowed yo be in heavy labour for longer than?

A

2 hours

36
Q

The bitch should not be allowed more than how many hours of heavy straining between puppies?

A

1 hour

37
Q

What is maternal dystocia?

A

Describes a problem with the bitch, like a physical abnormality that prevents birth, or uterus problems. Uterine contractions are weak or nonexistent

38
Q

What is fetal dystocia?

A

A problem with the puppies, or one puppy, such as fetal death, large heads, and physical deformities.

39
Q

What is lochia?

A

A bloody discharge from the bitch after birth, that shows for a few days and gradually fades to a brownish red.

40
Q

What is eclampsia?

A

A serious and possibly life-threatening condition that results from a calcium deficiency.

41
Q

How should canine vaccinations be given?

A

At 3-4 week intervals until ~16 weeks, starting from 6-8 weeks

K9 / Feline (2 decks)

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