U3 AOS1b: Biomechanics Flashcards
Force Formula
Force = mass x acceleration
Speed
Movement from one point to another in the fastest possible time
Velocity
Speed in a given direction
Angular Displacement
Represents the difference in the angle between the start and end position of the body
Moment of Inertia
Refers to the resistance of a rotating object to change its state of motion
Simultaneous Force Summation
Where all body parts move at the same time to produce a force. Generally used to produce accuracy, however, some activities do require this method to attain maximum power
Centre of Gravity
The theoretical point in an object at which its entire mass appears to be concentrated; is also known as the centre of mass and can be located outside your body
Balance
The ability to neutralise forces that disturb equilibrium
Momentum
Momentum is a measure of the motion possessed by a moving body. The product of mass and velocity
Height of Release
The greater the height of release of a projectile, the greater the horizontal distance it will cover, provide all factors are equal
Impulse
Is a measure of what is required to change the motion of an object and is the product of force applied and the time over which the force is applied
Impulse Formula
Impulse = force x time
General Motion
Combination of linear and angular motion, human movement usually consists of general motion rather than pure linear motion or angular motion
Angle of Release
The angle of release of a projectile determines trajectory shape, will all other things help constantly it also determines. The time the object stays in the air, and the horizontal distance the objects moves
Angular Velocity
Refers to the velocity or speed of a rotating object
Newtons 2nd Law
The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object (law of acceleration)
Newtons 2nd Law Formula
Force = mass x acceleration
Conservation of Momentum (Linear)
The principle states the total momentum of 2 objects and after impact are equal
Conservation of Momentum (Angular)
A spinning body will continue spinning indefinitely unless an external force acts on it
Acceleration
rate at which the velocity of a body changes with respect to time
Speed of release
The speed of a projectile at the instant of release
Linear Distance
Path of a body as it moves from 1 location to another, measured in terms of total distance covered
Angular Distance
Represent the sum of all angles as a body moves from its start position to its end position
1st Class Lever
(FAR or RAF)
In first-class levers axis is located in the middle with force and resistance either side (see-saw)
Mass
The weight of something or object
Angular Motion
Takes place when object turns about an axis of rotation (measured in degrees)
Internal Force
Action of muscles and tendons on the skeletal system
External Forces
Gravity, friction, air resistance and water resistance
Base of Support
Area bound by the outer most regions of contact between a body and support surface
Motion
Refers to a body’s change in position in relation to time. Motion is typically described as linear or angular but can be a combination of both
Projectile Motion
The type of motion experienced by projectiles travelling through the air (air resistance and gravity)
Newtons 3rd Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newtons 1st Law
Every object will remain at rest or in uniform. motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an eternal force (law of inertia)
Parts to a Lever
- Resistance (or weight/load to be moved)
- Axis (or pivot point/fulcrum around which the lever rotates)
- Force (application of force/effort e.g muscular force to move the resistance)
Sequential Force Summation
Where body parts are moved in sequence to produce a force. Generally used to produce maximum force in whole body actions such as throwing, kicking and striking
Linear Displacement
Measure how far you finish from your position in a set direction, measured in magnitude and direction
Angular Momentum Formula
Angular momentum = angular velocity x moment of inertia
Angular Momentum
Momentum is a measure of the motion possessed by a moving body. The product of mass and velocity (angular sense)
Linear Motion
Takes place through a linear pathway either in a curved line (curvilinear) or a straight line (straight line motion). Also referred to as translator motion or translation
Inertia
The amount of resistance to a change in an objects state of motion
D.E.E.P
Define the concept
Equation (if so)
Explain the concept
Performance
Momentum Formula
Momentum = mass x velocity
Stability
Objects resistance to movement, from a balanced position (static or dynamic)
Line of Gravity
An imaginary vertical line passing downwards through the COG
2nd Class Lever
(ARF OR FRA)
In 2nd class levers, the axis is located at the end with the resistance and force applied at the opposite end (wheelbarrow)
3rd Class Lever
(AFR or RFA)
In 3rd class levers, the axis is located at 1 end with the application of the force in the middle and resistance applied at the opposite end (bicep curl)
Friction
Friction is a force that arises when one object or body moves across another - friction always opposes motion Frictional forces play a large part in changing the state of motion of an object or body (static, rolling, sliding, fluid)
Equilibrium
When opposing forces are balanced
