Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Politics > U3 AOS 1 - Global Actors > Flashcards

U3 AOS 1 - Global Actors Flashcards

1
Q

Define Global Governance

A

-refers to the institutions, rules, norms, and legal arrangements that seek to facilitate cooperation and manage relations between states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Globalisation

A

-refers to the acceleration and intensification of the exchange of goods, services, labour, and capital, which promote global interdependence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 features of a state?

A
  1. A permanent population
  2. Defined territory
  3. Recognized sovereignty
  4. A functioning government/economy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aims of the United Nations

A
  • Maintain international peace & security.
  • Develop good relations between states.
  • Be a centre to help achieve aims.
  • Eliminate poverty, disease, and illiteracy in the world.
  • Stop environmental destruction.
  • Encourage respect of rights and freedoms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Roles of the United Nations

A
  • Protect human rights.
  • Deliver humanitarian aid.
  • Promote sustainable development.
  • Uphold international law.
  • Assist parties in conflict make peace and create conditions that allow peace to hold.
  • Be a forum for debate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Roles of the UNGA (General assembly)

A
  • A forum for multilateral discussion, in which all members have equal vote.
  • Elect’s the 10 annual non-permanent members of the UNSC.
  • Debate on and pass resolutions (non-binding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roles of the UNSC (Security council)

A
  • Maintain peace and security in accordance with the UN charter.
  • Attempt to facilitate settlements that assist in countering threats to global peace.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

World Food Programme statistics (UN organisation)

A

In 2019 the WFP fed 100 million people across 60 states; fed 17.3 million people in schools; delivered 5,600 trucks, 30 ships, and 100 planes daily; $2.1bn USD in cash assistance in 64 states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

UNSC criticisms

A

Criticisms
- Zero african or south american states have veto power.
- Russia has vetoed 17 draft resolutions in relation to the Syrian armed conflict.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

UNSC success

A
  • 12 Peacekeeping missions to the Central African Republic between Nov. 2021 and 2020 when the mission began.
  • 87k personnel from 121 states
  • Preparations have started for the CAR’s first local elections in 36 years in 2025
  • “the mission is making tangible and transformative progress on the security, humanitarian and peacebuilding fronts in Haut Mbomou” - Valentine Rugwabiza (head of the mission)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Transnational Corporation? (TNC)

A

TNCs are companies whose operations extend beyond the borders of the state in which it is registers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aims of TNCs (Apple in our case)

A
  • Maximise profit and market share.
  • Minimise costs (taxation, expenses, etc.)
  • Be a leader in their industry in terms of tech, efficiency, distribution, popularity, etc.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Apple in Ireland case study

A

Apple employ 6000 employees in Cork.
Under EU law the Irish government is required to charge corporations a 12.5% tax on their profits.
In 2014 the Ireland allowed Apple to only pay 0.005% tax. According to the EU Apple have €13bn in unpaid taxes.
ECJ ruled against Apple in Sep. 2024.

Tim Cook called it all “political crap”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aims of the International Criminal Court

A
  1. Ensure the worst perpetrators are held accountable.
  2. Serve as a last resort that can investigate, prosecute, and punish perpetrators or atrocity crimes.
  3. Assist states in investigating and prosecuting atrocity crimes.
  4. Deterring would be criminals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Roles of the International Criminal Court

A
  1. Deterring would be criminals from committing atrocity crimes.
  2. Acting as a court of last resort to bring those charged with atrocity crimes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ICC criticisms

A

“No jurisdiction, no legitimacy, and no authority.” - D.J. Trump.
“The ICC is dead to us.” - John Bolton.

Africa bias; there’ve been no investigations outside of Africa. Relient on state compliance.

2015 - Omar al-Bashir failed to be arrested and extradited from South Africa for atrocity crimes in South Sudan.
Sep. 2024 - Putin failed to be extradited from Mongolia.

17
Q

ICC successes

A

Dominic Ongwen was abducted as a child soldier in 1988 to serve in the “lord’s resistance army” in Uganda, where he’d become commander.
2005 - Arrest warrant issued.
2015 - Captured
2021 - Sentenced to 25 years in prison; convicted on 61 crimes, including murder, rape, sexual slavery, torture, use of child soldiers, among more.

18
Q

Aims of the International Monetary Fund

A
  1. Make resources available to those experiencing payment difficulty.
  2. Promote exchange stability.
  3. Promote international monetary cooperation.
19
Q

Roles of the International Monetary Fund

A
  1. Surveillance (monitoring economic trends).
  2. Lending (providing loans to members in need).
  3. Capacity development (educating states regarding governance practices).
20
Q

IMF failure - Argentina

A

2018 - Argentina receives %50bn USD loan. Taxes are raised, particularly on soy exports (up to 25.5%).
“It’s a bad, terrible tax that goes against what we want to foster: more exports create quality jobs … but it’s an emergency.” - President Marci.
2022 - Argentine received a bailout to help repay 2018 debt (their 22nd since 1956), advised by the IMF to raise interest rates, which reached a high of 123% in Aug. 2024.

21
Q

IMF success - Cyprus

A

2013 - The public debt was at 111.7% of Cyprus’ GDP. Cyprus received a €10bn joint-loan from the IMF and EU.

Under guidance, Cyprus’ 2nd largest bank is closed, the corporate tax rate is increased from 10-12.5%.

Took only 3 years to stabilise the economy.

22
Q

Aims of Amnesty International

A
  1. Protect human rights
  2. Abolish the death penalty, torture, and other degrading punishments.
  3. Free all political prisoners.
23
Q

Roles of Amnesty International

A
  1. Increasing public awareness about human rights abuses.
  2. Pressuring govs. to make policy changes.
  3. Organising peaceful protests.
  4. Working with other global actors to promote human rights for all.
24
Q

AI failure (it’s power being limited)

A

China’s 2017 Foreign NGO law prevents NGOs from operating by limiting what they can do without being arrested.
Foreign NGOs “must not endanger China’s National unity, security, or ethnic unity; and must not harm China’s national interests, societal public interests.”
AI had to leave China and Hong Kong

25
Q

AI success

A

2017 - Magai Ngong is sentenced to death after his brother was accidentally killed while they were playing with a pistol.
765,000 signatures in a petition from AI.
2020 - Magai was taken off death row.
2022 - Magai is released.

Politics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions