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SCH 3U > U3-5 > Flashcards

U3-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps to creating an empirical formula?

A

Using percent composition

  1. Percent to mass
  2. Mass to moles
  3. Divide by small
  4. multiply til whole
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2
Q

How do you determine the molecular formula of a molecule?

A
  1. Calculate the empirical formula
  2. Calculate the molar mass of the empirical formula
  3. Divide the given molar mass by the empirical molar mass
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3
Q

How do you do a percent yield calculation?

A

Actual yield / Theoretical x 100

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4
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

a solution where water is the solvent

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5
Q

What is solubility?

A

the amount of solvent that dissolves in a given volume of solvent, in covalent molecules, like dissolves like

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6
Q

Define solute

A

The minor component in a solution, the solute is dissolved in the solvent

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7
Q

Define solvent

A

The larger component of a solutions, the solvent dissolves the solute

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8
Q

Define spectator ion

A

elements/compounds that are not involved in the reaction, in net ionic equations they are removed

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9
Q

Define Arrhenius acid

A

acids dissociate into H+ ions

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10
Q

Define Arrhenius base

A

bases dissociate into OH- ions

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11
Q

Define Bronsted/Lowry acid

A

acid loses hydrogen ions

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12
Q

Define Bronsted/Lowry base

A

bases gain hydrogen ions

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13
Q

Define pH scale

A

pH stands for power of hydrogen, the pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity 1 is very acidic 7 is neutral 14 is very basic

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14
Q

Define titration

A

Titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

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15
Q

Define dilution

A

To decrease the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by mixing in more solvent

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16
Q

Define neutralization

A

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other, usually resulting with water and salt

17
Q

Define meniscus

A

The curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube

18
Q

Define a strong acid/base

A

An acid or base that ionizes completely

19
Q

Define a weak acid/base

A

An acid or base that ionizes slightly in water (less than 50%)

20
Q

List 6 strong acids`

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2, SO4

21
Q

List 5 strong bases

A

NaOH, CsOH, LiOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2

22
Q

How to make predictions about solubility?

A
  1. Ion charge - large charges on ions reduce the solubility of the ionic solute - large charges have a stronger attraction so less soluble
  2. Ion size - smaller ions reduce the solubility since they have stronger ionic attractions
23
Q

Procedure to prepare a diluted stock solution

A
  1. Pour stock solution in a beaker
  2. Use a 10 mL pipette to measure out the stock solution
  3. Hold the pipette vertically with a 200 mL volumetric flask at an angle with the pipette the tip of the pipette should be resting on the edge of the glass
  4. Drain the contents from the pipette into the flask
  5. Add solvent to the volumetric flask with small amounts at first swirling the flask after adding the solvent each time, do this until the meniscus of the solution is resting on the etched line
24
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

  • inverse relationship
  • A larger volume means more space which means less collisions which will mean a lower pressure
25
Q

What is Charles law?

A

V1/t1 = V2/t2

  • Direct relationship
  • when the temperature goes up the molecules get excited and need more space to move around
26
Q

What is the Gay Lussac law?

A

P1/t1 = P2t2

  • direct relationship
  • when the temperature goes up the molecules get excited causing more particle collisions
27
Q

What is Avogadro’s law?

A

V1/n1 = V2/n2

  • direct
  • when the volume goes up the number of moles goes
28
Q

What is the kinetic molecular theory of ideal gases?

A
  1. Individual gas molecules have virtually no volume (no)
  2. There aren’t attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (no)
  3. The molecules have high translational energy / they move randomly in straight lines (yes)
  4. When the molecules collide with each other or the wall there is no loss of kinetic energy (no)
  5. Ave. kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to temp. (Yes)

SCH 3U (1 decks)

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