U3 Flashcards
Rate of Reaction
Is the rate at which reactants are used up or the rate at which products are formed
Collision theory
For a reaction to be succesful, the reactant particles must collide with correct orientation and sufficient energy to have a chemical change
Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy required to break existing chemical bonds and create new ones
Factors that influence the rate of reaction
- Concentration
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Surface area
- Catalysts
Endothermic reaction
absorbs energy from surroundings
Exothermic reaction
releases energy to surroundings
It is only possible for a reversible reaction to occur if…
the newly formed product
particle collide with enough energy to
break their bonds (equal to the Ea) to
reform the original reactants.
Reversible reactions
reactions where products can react again to reform the reactants
Irreversible reactions
reactions where the products cannot be converted back to reactants
It is possible for a reverse reactions to occur if…
the newly formed product
particle collide with enough energy to
break their bonds (equal to the Ea) to
reform the original reactants.
Equillibriums can only occur in…
Closed systems
Equillibrium
Equilibrium is achieved when the rate of reactants forming products is equal to the rate of products forming reactants
If the forward reaction is exothermic then…
the reverse reaction
will be exothermic
Partial pressure
Pressure exerted by individual gas in a container.At equilibrium the
partial pressures will be constant.
Why is a equillbrium labelled as dynamic?
because the forward and
reverse reactions do not cease but occur simultaneously at the same
rate.
Extent of reaction
how much product is formed when
the system reaches equilibrium.
Kc indicates the…
the extent of a reaction
or how far a reaction will proceed towards the products.
Homogeneous reactions
are chemical reactions which all reactants and products are in the same state or phase.
Heterogeneous reactions
which has reactants and products are in
different states or phases.
Why aren’t solids and liquids considered?
assigned the value of 1, because these concentrations do not depend
on how much is present.
What is the position of equillbrium
reaction conditions.
Dilution
adding H20(water) into a solution to dilute it. remember it is a liquid
Equillibirum yield
amount of products formed in a reaction
Position of equillibrium can be changed by…
- adding or removing a reactant or product
- changing the pressure by changing the - –volume (gases)
diluting (solution)
changing the temperature
Le Chatelier’s principle
States that if an equilibrium system is subjected to a change, the system will adjust itself to partially oppose the effect of that change.
