U2T8 - Keywords Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia

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1
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

There is no significant difference between between A + B. Any observed difference is due to chance.

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2
Q

Sample Mean

A

Mathematical average. In normal distribution, mean, median + mode all equal. May not truly be representative of entire pop. x̅

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3
Q

Modal Value

A

Most common value.

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4
Q

Median Value

A

Central value in data set.

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5
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Variation of data set. Smaller value means closer to mean. In normally distributed data set, value covers 68% of samples either side of mean. σ

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6
Q

Standard Error

A

See how close sample mean is to pop mean. AKA standard deviation of the mean. If small, diff is small so sample mean reliable. σx̅

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7
Q

95% Confidence Limits

A

Limits between which true mean of pop almost certainly lies. Find t by reading p = 0.05 at n - 1 degrees of freedom.

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8
Q

Error Bars

A

Show 95% confidence limits on a graph. If bars overlap, no significant difference.

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9
Q

P

A

Probability of outcome being due to chance. Lower p value means less likely to be due to chance.

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10
Q

Critical Value of Probability

A

p = 0.05. i.e. 5% Means due to chance. Less and it’s not likely to be due to chance.

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11
Q

Student’s t Test

A

Allows comparison of 2 sample means. Allows us to asses whether diff between 2 sample means is significant or due to chance. Must use t probability table to determine whether null hypothesis may be accepted or rejected. If prob value more than 0.05, null hypothesis accepted.

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12
Q

p>0.05

A

No significant diff. Due to chance. Null accepted.

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13
Q

0.05>p>0.01

A

Significantly diff at 95% probability but not 99%. Significant diff. Null rejected.

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14
Q

0.01>p>0.001

A

Significantly diff at 99% prob but not 99.9%. Highly signif diff. Null rejected.

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15
Q

p<0.001

A

Significantly diff at 99.9% prob. Very highly signif diff. Null rejected.

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16
Q

Reliable

A

If the data were collected again, the outcome would be similar.