U2.3 Flashcards
authoritarian parenting
high control/low warmth
Behavior of parents:
• Highly controlling, issue commands and expect them to be obeyed
• Little communication with children, avoid lengthy verbal discussions with children
• Have inflexible rules
• Permit little independence
Child outcomes:
• Have no negotiation skills
• Have no ability to direct and initiate own activities
• Frustrated in efforts to achieve autonomy
• May become fearful, withdrawn, and unassertive
• Girls often passive and dependent during adolescence
• Boys often rebellious and aggressive
authoritative parenting
moderately high control/high warmth
Behavior of parents:
• Set reasonable limits on behavior
• Accept and encourage growing autonomy of children
• Engage in open communication with children
• Have flexible rules
Child outcomes: • More willingly accept restrictions • Tend to be more self-reliant, self-controlled, and socially competent • Have higher self-esteem • Perform better in school
permissive parenting
low control/high warmth
Behavior of parents:
• Have few or no restraints
• Give unconditional love
• Communication flows from child to parent
• Provide much freedom and little guidance
• Provide no limit setting
Child outcomes:
• Often unable to cooperate and negotiate with others
•May become rebellious, aggressive, or socially inept, self-indulgent, or impulsive
• May have difficulty being accepted by peers or being accepted and effective in a work setting
• May be creative, active, and outgoing
indifferent parenting
low control/low warmth
Behavior of parents: • Provide no limit setting • Lack affection for children • Focus on stress in own lives May show hostility or neglect
Child outcome:
• Often have the worst outcomes such as destructive impulses and delinquent behavior
Strategies to prevent incidents and professional negligence:
- Maintaining client safety: Preventing falls, taking note of client complaints, correctly ID client.
- Minimize risk of med errors: “5 Rights” *Nothing can replace nursing judgment in preventing errors in administering meds.
- Use effective communication: Clear communication of directions, explanations, and providing effective patient education regarding the client’s health care requirements can help decrease the risk of bad outcomes. Attentive listening, accurate documentation and reporting. Documentation serves as the legal record of what occurred, so document defensively to be inclusive, and do not rely on memory – it will either support or defend allegations of malpractice.
- Professional liability insurance
What is the purpose of the ANA Standards of Practice?
ANA Standards of Practice for the RN, describe a competent level of nursing care as demonstrated by the nursing process.
informed consent
Refers to the client’s legal and ethical rights to be informed of and give permission for any health care procedure or treatment. The health care provider has the duty to disclose info regarding treatment in terms the client can reasonably understand. Client must be competent to provide consent. The emergency doctrine assumes that the person would reasonably consent to treatment if able to do so. For children under 18, parents/guardians must give informed consent for medical treatment. Specific legal exceptions: where emergency doctrine applies, if child is an emancipated minor, child is a resident of a state that allows a mature minor to give consent, a court order to proceed with treatment, or the law recognizes the minor as having the ability to consent to a specific treatment. Types of care that may not require parental permission include birth control, prenatal, care, mental health counseling, dx and treatment of sexually transmitted disease, and treatment of substance abuse.
mandatory reporting
Refers to a legal requirement to report an act, event, or situation that is designated by state or local law as a reportable event.
- Abuse or neglect of minors and older adults, “vulnerable individuals,” is mandated to be reported in most states.
- Health care workers are protected when they report suspected child abuse in good faith, even if the subsequent investigation does not make the determination of abuse.
- Nurses have a legal obligation to report conduct that is incompetent, unethical, and illegal. This includes reporting violence, abuse, or neglect toward clients by other nurses and extends to reporting conduct involving third parties, including family members and other health care providers. Nurses are in a position to ID and assess cases of violence, abuse, and neglect.
- Mandatory reporting of certain injuries and illnesses
What types of injuries and illnesses must be reported (mandatory reporting)?
oAny injury arising or suspected of arising from the discharge of a firearm
o Illnesses that appear to be caused by poisoning
o Injuries caused by or appearing to be caused by a sharp or pointed instrument if the physician treating the individual suspects a criminal act may have been involved
o Any wound, injury, or illness resulting in bodily harm as a result of a suspected criminal act or act of violence
oInfectious diseases such as TB, HIV/AIDS, E. coli.
o Crimes that typically must be reported include: assault, sexual assault, rape, kidnapping, indecent liberties with a minor
What are the legal responsibilities of nursing students?
- Each NPA addresses the duties and responsibilities of nursing students in that state.
- Nursing students have the ultimate responsibility (accountability for their actions that includes the obligation to answer for an act done and to repair any injury one may have answer for an act done and to repair any injury one may have caused) for their own actions.
- Nursing students are held accountable to the same standard of care as the licensed nurse.
- Nursing faculty members are held accountable for appropriate assignment and supervision of the student. Students do NOT practice on a faculty member’s license. The only person who can legally practice on a license is the individual whose name appears on the license.
What is HIPAA?
The Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (1996) was enacted by Congress to minimize the exclusion of pre-existing conditions as a barrier to health care insurance, designate special rights for those who lose other health coverage, and eliminate medical underwriting in group plans. Includes the Privacy Rule, which creates a national standard for the disclosure of private health information.
What does the privacy rule of HIPAA protect?
All “individually identifiable health information” held or transmitted in any form or media, whether electronic, paper, or oral → PHI = protected health information.
What are some examples of how HIPAA impacts the nursing practice?
o Client’s name cannot be posted near or on the room door.
o Charts should be in a secure, nonpublic location.
o Printed copies of PHI should not be left unattended at a printer or fax machine.
o Access to PHI is limited to those authorized to obtain the info.
o Health care providers will need a password to access a client’s electronic chart.
o A notice informing clients of their rights regarding privacy and their health info should be posted and provided to clients upon their admission to the facility.
o Voice levels should be lowered to minimize disclosure of info
o Health care providers must stay current with HIPAA.
crime
An act prohibited by statute or by common law principles. Crimes are considered to be committed against the state as opposed to the individual. Classified by severity, with more serious crimes classified as felonies, and lesser offenses termed misdemeanors. A component of criminal law, that defines conduct that is harmful to another individual or to society as a whole and may be punishable by fines or imprisonment.
tort
A civil wrong committed against a person or a person’s property. An individual who violates tort law may be sued and compensation awarded to those wrongfully injured by those actions. May be intentional or unintentional. A component of civil law, which deals with the rights and duties of private persons or citizens and is most often enforced through the awarding of damages or compensation.
