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AHIII > U2: Stroke > Flashcards

U2: Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two causes of stroke?

A

Ischemia (blockage) and hemorrhage

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2
Q

Which is more common: ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Ischemic strokes account for 80% of strokes.

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3
Q

What are the two types of ischemic strokes?

A

Embolic and thrombotic

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4
Q

What is the cause of embolic ischemic stroke?

A

A blood clot due to A-Fib. Clot forms in atrium due to pooling caused by decreased cardiac output.

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5
Q

What is the cause of thrombotic ischemic stroke?

A

A stationary clot in the vessel due to plaque build-up - atherosclerosis.

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6
Q

What is the cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Uncontrolled hypertension or aneurysm.

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7
Q

What is at risk of rising with a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

ICP - Intracranial Pressure

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8
Q

Pts with hemorrhagic stroke should not be sat up over __ degrees.

A

30 degrees, due to risk for increased ICP

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9
Q

Stroke patients should be turned how often?

A

Every 30 minutes!

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10
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack. Tiny lack of oxygen for tiny amount of time. Sometimes called a ‘mini stroke.’

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11
Q

How long does a TIA last?

A

Usually less than 30 minutes

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12
Q

What can cause a TIA?

A

During or after exertion due to contraction of vessels, leads to decreased O2.

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13
Q

Why does HTN put pt at risk for stroke?

A

Systolic above 140 pounds blood vessels, which are made thinner by pressure

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14
Q

What is the first course of action when a suspected stroke comes into the hospital?

A

Get CT scan ASAP to locate stroke. Potentially start clot buster meds if within window. Aspirin, then thrombectomy

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15
Q

What is the window of opportunity for clot-buster medication?

A

4.5 hours after onset of stroke symptoms

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16
Q

Medications known as ‘clot busters’ are called _____.

A

Fibrinolytics

17
Q

What is TPA?

A

Family of clot-buster drugs: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Includes alteplase (activase), reteplase and tenecteplase

18
Q

Is heparin a clot buster?

A

No, it is a blood thinner, thins the blood in front of the clot

19
Q

How should BP be treated after stroke, and why?

A

For 24-48 hours, keep SBP around 170
Important not to drop too fast into hypotension, as well as maintain certain range to maximize perfusion

20
Q

If a patient has a stroke on the left side of their brain, the ____ side of their body will be affected.

A

Right, and vice versa.

21
Q

Time is ____.

A

Muscle!

22
Q

You should place items on a stroke patient’s (affected / unaffected) side.

A

Affected. Pts will avoid using affected side, and it is important to retain coordination.

23
Q

Strokes in the (right/left) cerebral hemisphere affect visual and spatial awareness and proprioception, sense of body perception

A

Right

24
Q

Strokes in the (right/left) cerebral hemisphere affect skills such as speech, language, math & analytics

A

Left

25
Q

Strokes on the _____ side of the brain can make patients unaware of deficits as well as time and space. They often have poor judgement and are impulsive.

A

Right. “Horse blinders impairment.”

26
Q

Which races are more prone to strokes?

A

African American, Alaskan, Hispanic, and Asian

27
Q

Which conditions increase risk of stroke?

A

A-fib, clotting disorders, cerebral aneurysm and hx of CVA.

28
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

Smoking, obesity, HTN, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, drugs and birth control paired with smoking, HTN and /or blood thinners.

29
Q

What types of precautions should always be implemented with stroke patients?

A

Seizure precautions, swallow precautions

30
Q

_______ _______ - Pt is unable to recognize one side of body

A

unilateral neglect

31
Q

Paralyzed limbs must have position changed how often?

A

Every 30 minutes

AHIII (2 decks)

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