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NMR > U2 REPRO > Flashcards

U2 REPRO Flashcards

1
Q

how long should you take levonelle one after UPSI?

A

within 12 hrs and no longer than 72hrs

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2
Q

what is the usual dose of levonelle one?

A

1.5mg - double to 3mg if taken a enzyme inducer in past 4 weeks

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3
Q

at what point would you need to conduct a feticide?

A

after 21 weeks and 6 days

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4
Q

when would you need to repeat mifipristone?

A

if abortion hasnt occured at 12-24 weeks - give mifipistone 3 hours after last misoprostol

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5
Q

what is arthrotec?

A

NSAID diclofenac and misoroprostal - gastroprotectant

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6
Q

what are isotretinoin prescriptions limited to for women of child bearing potentional?

A

30 days - as can cause miscarriages and each px is only valid for 7 days

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7
Q

2nd line treatment for dysmenorrheoa involves contraception which is contraindicated when?

A

obesity, high BP and significant family hx of VTE

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8
Q

what are frequent causative agents of secondary dysmenorrheao?

A

chlamydia and gonorrhoea

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9
Q

what 3 categories is the aetiology of menorrhagia divided into?

A

(1) pelvic pathology (2) dysfunctional uterine bleeding (3) systemic diseases e.g. hypothyroidism

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10
Q

treatment options for menorrhagia?

A

NSAIDs, Levonogesteral releasing intrauterine system, COC, oral norethisterone

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11
Q

when should tranexamic acid be stopped when treating menorrhagia?

A

if no benefits after 3 cycles

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12
Q

why does endometriosis not occur before or after menarche?

A

the condition is dependant upon oestrogen stimulation

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13
Q

when is menopause diagnosed?

A

after 12 months of amenorrhoea

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14
Q

treatment for chlamydia?

A

doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days OR azithromycin 1g stat then 500mg for 2 days orally

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15
Q

symptoms of pubic lice

A

black powder in underwear, blue spots on skin

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16
Q

treatment for syphillis less than 2 years

A

1 penicillin injection into buttocks OR oral A/B for 10-14 days

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17
Q

treatment for vasomotor symptoms ONLY of menopause

A

tibolone

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18
Q

what is tertazoospermia?

A

abnormal shaped sperm - cause of infertility

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19
Q

how can ED cause infertility?

A

inability to maintain an erection, retrograde ejaculation, premature ejaculation

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20
Q

what lifestyle factor is associated with reduced semen quality?

A

smoking

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21
Q

how does progesterone affect women in pregnancy?

A

reduces gut motility and gastric emptying - causing constipation

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22
Q

what happens to EGFR from week 6 of pregnancy?

A

increases - increased elimination of renally excreted drugs such as lithium

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23
Q

what does movement of drugs across placenta depend on?

A

lipid solubility, molecular weight, degree of ionisation and polarity of drugs

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24
Q

what is thiopental?

A

used in caesarean - can cause apnaoe in the baby very lipid soluble so crosses placenta

25
Q

when is it considered the most susceptible time for teratogen sensitivity?

A

organogenesis

26
Q

what week gestation is considered the earliest number of which 10% of live babies survive?

A

23 weeks

27
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome also known as?

A

hyaline membrane disease

28
Q

who is severely affected by respiratory distress syndrome?

A

babies born less than 32 weeks, or smaller premature babies

29
Q

what is cytomegalovirus usually treated with?

A

IV ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir

30
Q

what is zidovudine?

A

usually given to babies to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from mother to baby for 4 weeks

31
Q

first line treatment for seizure

A

phenobarbital - 2 loading doses before trying phenytoin (40mg/kg)

32
Q

when is complete maturation of GFR in babies?

A

6-8 months

33
Q

which children have an increased elimination of furosemide?

A

children with nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

which children have a high plasma clearance of antibiotics such as penicillin/aminoglycosides?

A

children with cystic fibrosis

35
Q

how long does irritability last in colic?

A

more than 3 hours a day for more 3 days per week for 3 weeks

36
Q

when does colic resolve by?

A

improves at 3-4 month of age (resolves by 6 months)

37
Q

when does GORD in children usually resolve by?

A

1 years

38
Q

treatment for GORD in breastfed children

A

1-2 week trial of alginate therapy mixed with water and given after each feed

39
Q

what condition is a sea-like barking cough seen in?

A

croup - usually self-limiting

40
Q

what is aprostadil?

A

2nd line treatment for ED - PGE1

41
Q

which nerves release NO?

A

nitrergic nerves going into smooth muscle activating guanylyl cylase increasing cAMP and releasing protein kinase G - which causes vasodilation and penile erection

42
Q

when does sildenafil peak?

A

30-120 mins - so take 1 hr before sexual intercourse

43
Q

what age is sildenafil indicated for?

A

> 18 years

44
Q

what condition makes sildenafil ineffective?

A

hypogonadism

45
Q

what is alprostadil available in the UK as?

A

intracavernous injection (caverject) and intraurethral application (MUSE) and topical cream (vitaros)

46
Q

What is given to preterm babies at risk of respiratory distress syndrome to prevent it?

A

antenatal steroids (betamethasone) and post natal surfactant administration

47
Q

what role does caffeine play in apnoea?

A

stimulant - reduces apnoea in short term and improves long term outcome

48
Q

prognosis of GORD?

A

usually begin before the age of 8 weeks and resolve before 1 year of age

49
Q

prevalence in GORD vs COLIC?

A

gord - 40%

colic - 20%

50
Q

what are non-hormonal treatment options in menopause?

A

venlaflaxine and gabapentin and clonidine - vasomotor symptoms
bisphosphonates and teriparatide - post menopausal osteoporosis

51
Q

what is the max duration for GNRH analogues?

A

6 months - after this can significantly reduce BMD

52
Q

what is buserelin and example of?

A

GnRH analogue

53
Q

how do oral COCs increase risk of VTE?

A

undergo first pass metabolism - causing antithrombin deficiency increasing risk of VTE

54
Q

how can menopause increase your risk of high BP and CVD?

A

oestrogen decreases VLDLs and LDLs and increases HDLs decreasing CVD risk and oestrogen increases NO availability regulating endothelin dependant vasodilation which is impaired in menopause

55
Q

what hormonal change signifies menopause?

A

persistent decrease in oestrogen and increase in FH and LH

56
Q

what increases severity of primary dysmenorrhoea?

A

young age at menarche, extended duration of menstrual flow (lighter), severity decreases as you have children

57
Q

what are causative agents of secondary dysmenorrhoea?

A

chlamydia and gonorrhoea

58
Q

what are underlying systemic causes of menorrhagia?

A

hypothyroidism, coagulation disorders, kidney or liver diseases

NMR (3 decks)

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