U2: chem reactions

Question 1

what order do you make/balance equations in?

Answer 1

1. check for diatomic molecules, must be written w/ subscript of two and (g). then determine states of all else
2. metals
3. non-metals
4. oxygen
5. hydrogen

Question 2

non-metal oxide + water

Answer 2

forms acid

Question 3

metal oxide + water

Answer 3

forms base

Question 4

synthesis

Answer 4

two simple reactants combine to make one product

Question 5

synthesis w/ transition metal

Answer 5

two products w/ each charge of the transition metal

Question 6

decomposition

Answer 6

one reactant breaks apart into two products

Question 7

metal carbonate (CO3)

Answer 7

metal oxide + CO2

Question 8

metal nitrate (NO3)

Answer 8

metal NO2 + O2

Question 9

metal hydroxide (OH)

Answer 9

metal oxide + H2O

Question 10

metal chlorate (CLO3)

Answer 10

metal chloride (Cl) + O2

Question 11

certain acids decompose into…

Answer 11

non-metal oxides + H2O
- H2SO4 = SO3 + H2O
- H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O

Question 12

hydrates

Answer 12

water + annhydrous salt

Question 13

nmemonic for decomposition

Answer 13

CO3 = met. ox. + CO2
NO3 = met. nitride + O2
OH = met. oxide + H2O
CLO3 = met. chloride + O2

Question 14

single displacement

Answer 14

one replaces other in compound.
- metal replaces metal
- non-metal replaces non-metal

Question 15

how to determine products for single displacement?

Answer 15

activity series: higher can replace lower
if single element is lower, no reaction

Question 16

single displacement w/ acids

Answer 16

if higher, the hydrogen becomes gas

Question 17

single displacement w/ halides

Answer 17

halogen activity series: if single is higher, will displace the halide (even if halide is the second element)

Question 18

double displacement

Answer 18

metals in two compounds switch places

Question 19

neutralization

Answer 19

acid + base = water + salt

Question 20

acid + carbonate (CO3)

Answer 20

= salt + water + CO2

Question 21

combustion

Answer 21

fuel burns in oxygen to produce combustion products, + often a flame
- common fuels are coal, propane, gas
- hydrocarbon + O2(g) → CO2 (g) + H2O(g) + heat/light

Question 22

why is combustion bad for environment?

Answer 22

• many fuels contain impurities → combustion releases them into the atmosphere → contribute to air pollution → harms living organisms & damages environment
• CO2 (product of combustion) causes solar radiation to get trapped in atmosphere = warm earth

Question 23

complete combustion

Answer 23

• there is enough oxygen
• doesn’t mean 100% yield
• produces H2O and CO2

Question 24

incomplete combustion

Answer 24

• not enough oxygen
• produces H2O and CO2 + C (soot) and CO (blocks oxygen from hemoglobin)

Question 25

how to make a net ionic equation

Answer 25

1. write balanced equation w/ states
2. split only aqueous compounds into ions + turn subscripts into coefficients, and ADD CHARGES
3. cross out spectator ions (same ones) and write net ionic equation w/ states + charges for products
4. if all get crossed out, no reaction occurred