U2 Flashcards
Myelin
Processing speed (speed of thought)
Lateralization
Side Dominance. Special functions on each side of the brain.
Left side of the brain
Controls the right side of the body. Involved in logical reasoning, detailed analysis, and the basis of language.
Right side of the brain
Controls the left side of the body. Involved creative impulses and emotion.
Corpus callosum
Both sides of the brain working together. Communication between hemispheres, despite side dominance.
Prefrontal cortex
Complex cognitive functions.
Judgement, social awareness, sleep patters, impulse control, & preservation.
Amygdala
(Limbic System) controls emotion (esp. fear and anxiety)
Hippocampus
(Limbic System) memory (esp. location)
Hypothalamus
(Limbic System) involved with controlling drive, produces hormones
Primary Prevention
To make harm less likely for everyone.
- community wide parent education
Secondary Prevention
to avoid harm in high risk situations
-respite/support for families with special needs
Tertiary Prevention
After injury
-counseling services for victims/families
Injury control/harm reduction
aimed at anticipating and preventing dangerous activities. Suggests that accidents are not random.
Fast-mapping
from meaningful categories to new words learned quickly.
Children can understand more than they can say
Over regularization
the application of rules and grammar even when exceptions occurs (i.e. mouses vs mice)
Pragmatics
the practical use of language that includes ability to adjust language communication according to audience and contexts
(Mr./Ms./Mrs., greetings, taking turns in conversation)
Piaget’s Pre operational Stage is characterized by…
- animism (give human traits)
- Centration (one idea/element, ex height = age)
- Lack of conservation
- Focus on appearance (what I see)
- Static reasoning (nothing changes)
- Irreversibility (nothing can be undone)
Egocentrism
Children’s tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective
Theory-theory
Children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories.
-Own explanation to make the world make sense.
Theory of mind
A person’s theory of what other people may be thinking
- Children realize that other people may not be thinking the same thoughts they are.
- More socially aware.
Child-Centered schools
value natural inclination for hands on learning through exploration.
-self paced learning
Teacher-centered schools
Academic subjects taught to entire class (curriculum)
- Distinction between play and work
- Learn behaviors and rules
Head start
early childhood program for low-income children of preschool age.
Help foster better health and cognition before first grade
Learning two languages?
Best time is during early childhood
ZPD
Zone of Proximal Development. Skills that person can do with assistance, but not independently.
Scaffolding
Temporary support tho assist the learners needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process.
Private speech
talking to oneself (out loud or in mind) is important for cognitive development.
