U1.3 - Nature of Ethics

Question 1

Identify the term:
concerned with the underlying causes and meaning of reality, including our existence and actions or human conduct

Answer 1

philosophy

Question 2

Enumerate:
areas or branches of philosophy

Answer 2

1. metaphysics - study of reality
2. logic - study of correct thinking
3. epistemology - study of knowledge
4. ethics - study of the morality of human conduct

Question 3

Identify the term:
concerned with the question whether a human action is good or bad, right or wrong, moral or immoral

Answer 3

ethics

Question 4

Why is being ethical equated with being moral?

Answer 4

The term “ethics” is commonly used synonymously with “morals” or morality.

Question 5

Differentiate:
being moral
being ethical

Answer 5

Being moral - usually associated with one value system and the desire to be good
Being ethical- has something to do with following certain rules or guidelines

Question 6

Enumerate:
3 kinds of love

Answer 6

1. eros
2. philo/ philia
3. agape

Question 7

Define:
1. eros
2. philo/ philia
3. agape

Answer 7

1. eros - selfish love, sensual desire, what is good for oneself
2. philo/ philia - love addressed to a person/ friend, seeks reprocity
3. agape - unconditional love (ex. love of parent to child)

Question 8

Identify the philosopher:
started philosophy

Answer 8

Pythagoras

Question 9

Identify the term:
encourages realization; gained through experiences

Answer 9

wisdom

Question 10

Identify the term:
an idea which is driven to do something good

Answer 10

moral precept

Question 11

Identify the term:
a set of rules that defines allowable actions or correct behavior

Answer 11

ethical code

Question 12

T/F:
Correct behavior is always the good behavior.

Answer 12

False;
not always

Question 13

Identify the terms:
refer to the act or behavior, although they have different references

Answer 13

both the terms “ethical” or “moral”

Question 14

Identify the term:
refers only to human acts, that is, actions which proceed from man’s rationality

Answer 14

morality

Question 15

Enumerate:
Morality includes actions that are done with?

Answer 15

1. knowledge
2. freedom
3. voluntariness

Question 16

Identify the term:
actions which do not have a rational character

Answer 16

amoral

Question 17

T/F:
Amoral actions can be judged as morally good or morally evil.

Answer 17

False;
cannot be judged as…

Question 18

Identify the term:
proceed from reason, knowledge, and freedom, voluntary
(moral or immoral)

Answer 18

human acts

Question 19

Identify the term:
does not proceed from reason or knowledge (amoral)

Answer 19

acts of man

Question 20

Identify the concept:
If human actions are to be judged whether morally good or morally evil, then there must be something by which actions could be measured as good or evil.

Answer 20

norm or standard of morality

Question 21

Identify the term:
deals with the norms or codes governing our conduct or act

Answer 21

moral philosophy or ethics

Question 22

Identify the term:
serves as a guide in determining what is good and right or bad and wrong

Answer 22

moral philosophy or ethics

Question 23

Identify the term:
deals with the issue of whether an action is good or bad and the reasons why a particular action is good or bad

Answer 23

moral philosophy or ethics

Question 24

Identify the term:
__________ as a philosophy is the attempt to achieve a systematic understanding of the nature of morality and what it requires of us - how we ought to live and why

Answer 24

ethics

Question 25

Identify the term:
acts that are ethically neutral which means that they do not have a moral value or sense

Answer 25

amoral

Question 26

T/F:
Some people can also be called amoral if they are indifferent to morality or the sense of right and wrong.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Identify the term:
some aspects of reality that are simply out of the realm of morality

Answer 27

nonmoral

Question 28

T/F:
Inanimate objects are nonmoral but our use of them can be moral or immoral.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Differentiate:
morals
manners or etiquette

Answer 29

morals - whether act is right or wrong in the moral sense
manners/ etiquette - whether the act is socially acceptable

Question 30

T/F:
Morality can be considered as having a subjective or objective origin based on the origin of value.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Enumerate:
3 possibilities for the objective origin of value

Answer 31

1. values are given by a supernatural being
2. values are part of the fabric of nature
3. values are part of the “furniture” of the world, independently of human beings

Question 32

Enumerate:
Possible explanations for the objective origin of values are expressed in the?

Answer 32

1. supernatural theory
2. theory of natural law
3. objectivism

Question 33

Identify the term:
As subjective, the origin of value is related to _________ _________.

Answer 33

human beings

Question 34

T/F:
Without human beings, subjectivist theorists argue, there would be no value.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Identify the term:
the moral systems handed down through custom from generation to generation

Answer 35

customary or traditional morality

Question 36

Identify the term:
requires that moral ideas are carefully examined and tested

Answer 36

reflective morality

Question 37

other term for customary or traditional morality

Answer 37

static morality

Question 38

T/F:
Traditional morality can become reflective and dynamic when those moral ideas that are simply handed down and accepted are subjected to analysis and criticism.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Enumerate:
areas to which morality may be applied

Answer 39

1. religion
2. nature
3. individuality
4. society

Question 40

T/F:
The rightness or wrongness; or the goodness or badness of an action, is the focal point of morality.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Identify the term:
sets standards by which we can measure or judge whether an action is good or bad

Answer 41

morality

Question 42

T/F:
Many view morality as a repressive institution, a set of rules that society and religion, parents, and the like impose on us to prevent us from living our lives the way we want it to be lived.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F:
The fact that morality imposes certain “restrictions” makes it repressive.

Answer 43

False;
does not make it repressive

Question 44

T/F:
The moral wisdom by which we judge an action is not imposed on us by others but by ourselves in so far as we are committed to attaining a kind of life that is well-lived.

Answer 44

True