U1 T1 - Biodiveristy

Question 1

Classify the ranks of the Linnaean System

Answer 1

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species

Question 2

What is classification and why is it useful?

Answer 2

The systematic grouping of both organisms and ecosystems
- This enbales a consistent understanding of the reelationships, evolution, and diversity of living things

Question 3

What is a species?

Answer 3

a group of organisms that can interbreed or mate with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 4

What are interspecific hybrids?

Answer 4

The offspring of two different species, and are infertile.

Question 5

What is R-selection?

Answer 5

Reproduction from R-strategists
-Large number of offspring
- Low survivability rate
- Little parent investment
- Can reproduce once
- Mature earlier
- Lower life expectancy
- T3 survival
- Smaller

Question 6

What is K-Selection?

Answer 6

Reproduction from K-Strategists
-Small number of offspring
- High survivability rate
- High parent investment
- Reproduce multiple times
- Mature later
- Higher life expectancy
- T1 and 2 survival
- Larger

Question 7

What is Taxonomy?

Answer 7

Grouping or classifying organisms according to the features they possess.

Question 8

What is Phylogeny?

Answer 8

Comparing genetic sequences and molecular structures
- Is used to classify evolutionary relatedness

Question 9

What are the four Species Interactions?

Answer 9

1. Predation
2. Competition
3. Symbiosis
4. Disease

Question 10

What is Predation?

Answer 10

Involves a predator - prey relationship.
Prey numbers regulate predator numbers, but the presence of predators can impact ecosystem dynamics.

Question 11

What is Competition?

Answer 11

A relationship between organisms that use the same resources, and negatively affects both participants.

Question 12

What is Symbiosis?

Answer 12

A relationship between species with at least one member benefitting.

1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism

Question 13

What is disease

Answer 13

Involves the harm to a living thing and can involve interaction between a pathogen and a host

Question 14

Classification can be based on:

Answer 14

• Similarity of features
  (linnean system)
• Methods of Reproduction
  (Asexual, sexual, R, K)
• Molecular Structure
  (phylogeny)

Question 15

What is a Clade?

Answer 15

A group of organisms believed to comprise all the evolutionary descendants from one common ancestor

Question 16

Why is molecular evidence useful?

Answer 16

If two species have similar DNA sequences, it is used as molecular evidence to state they shared a common ancestor.
- The rate of accumulation of mutations can be used to calculate how long ago organisms diverged

Question 17

What are the common assumptions of Cladistics?

Answer 17

• Common Ancestory (organisms within a group shared a common ancestor)
• Bifurcation (pattern: dividing branch into two)
• Physical change (physical changes occur over time)

Question 18

What is an ecosystem

Answer 18

a biological community of interacting oerganisms and theri physical environment, including both abitoic and biotic features.

Question 19

Why are old-growth forests important?

Answer 19

• provide habitat for endangered species
• Hold in lots of carbon dioxide
• Long growth time

Question 20

Why are productive soils important?

Answer 20

• promote health of plants, animals, humans

Question 21

Why are coral reefs important?

Answer 21

• supports marine animals
• protect coastlines from storms and erosion
• provides jobs and recreation

Question 22

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 22

The breaking down of large populations, into similar subgroups and collects random samples as a representation of the whole population

Question 23

Why is Stratified Sampling Important

Answer 23

It is done to make estimates of the population as a whole
Estimates Include:
- Population desnity
- Distribution
- Environmental Gradients
- Zonation
- Stratification

Question 24

Ways to Minimise Bias:

Answer 24

• Law of Large Numbers
• Random Number
  -Generator
• Counting Criteria
• Calibration of Equipment