U1 T1 - Biodiveristy Flashcards
Classify the ranks of the Linnaean System
-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
What is classification and why is it useful?
The systematic grouping of both organisms and ecosystems
- This enbales a consistent understanding of the reelationships, evolution, and diversity of living things
What is a species?
a group of organisms that can interbreed or mate with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring
What are interspecific hybrids?
The offspring of two different species, and are infertile.
What is R-selection?
Reproduction from R-strategists
-Large number of offspring
- Low survivability rate
- Little parent investment
- Can reproduce once
- Mature earlier
- Lower life expectancy
- T3 survival
- Smaller
What is K-Selection?
Reproduction from K-Strategists
-Small number of offspring
- High survivability rate
- High parent investment
- Reproduce multiple times
- Mature later
- Higher life expectancy
- T1 and 2 survival
- Larger
What is Taxonomy?
Grouping or classifying organisms according to the features they possess.
What is Phylogeny?
Comparing genetic sequences and molecular structures
- Is used to classify evolutionary relatedness
What are the four Species Interactions?
- Predation
- Competition
- Symbiosis
- Disease
What is Predation?
Involves a predator - prey relationship.
Prey numbers regulate predator numbers, but the presence of predators can impact ecosystem dynamics.
What is Competition?
A relationship between organisms that use the same resources, and negatively affects both participants.
What is Symbiosis?
A relationship between species with at least one member benefitting.
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
What is disease
Involves the harm to a living thing and can involve interaction between a pathogen and a host
Classification can be based on:
- Similarity of features
(linnean system) - Methods of Reproduction
(Asexual, sexual, R, K) - Molecular Structure
(phylogeny)
What is a Clade?
A group of organisms believed to comprise all the evolutionary descendants from one common ancestor
Why is molecular evidence useful?
If two species have similar DNA sequences, it is used as molecular evidence to state they shared a common ancestor.
- The rate of accumulation of mutations can be used to calculate how long ago organisms diverged
What are the common assumptions of Cladistics?
- Common Ancestory (organisms within a group shared a common ancestor)
- Bifurcation (pattern: dividing branch into two)
- Physical change (physical changes occur over time)
What is an ecosystem
a biological community of interacting oerganisms and theri physical environment, including both abitoic and biotic features.
Why are old-growth forests important?
- provide habitat for endangered species
- Hold in lots of carbon dioxide
- Long growth time
Why are productive soils important?
- promote health of plants, animals, humans
Why are coral reefs important?
- supports marine animals
- protect coastlines from storms and erosion
- provides jobs and recreation
What is stratified sampling?
The breaking down of large populations, into similar subgroups and collects random samples as a representation of the whole population
Why is Stratified Sampling Important
It is done to make estimates of the population as a whole
Estimates Include:
- Population desnity
- Distribution
- Environmental Gradients
- Zonation
- Stratification
Ways to Minimise Bias:
- Law of Large Numbers
- Random Number
-Generator - Counting Criteria
- Calibration of Equipment
