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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY > U1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS > Flashcards

U1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Geography

A

The study of spatial and material characteristics of the PHYSICAL environment

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2
Q

5 themes of geography

A
  • Location
  • Place
  • Human/ Environment Interactions
  • Movement
  • Regions
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3
Q

Cartography

A

The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design

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4
Q

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

A

A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed and displayed to the user

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5
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A satellite- based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographics

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6
Q

Remote sensing

A

A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (ex. satellites) that are physically distant from area or object of study

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7
Q

Fieldwork

A

The study of phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places

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8
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

Theory that the social and cultural development of human behavior is determined by the physical environment itself; example would be that tropical climates give u a relaxed attitude or big cities keeps you frequently stressed

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9
Q

Possibilism

A

Theory that states that environment can limit the possibilities of a culture but it DOES NOT control culture; technology is one huge factor to supporting this statement

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10
Q

Types of map projections (just name them)

A
  • Robinson (oval map)
  • Mercator (cylinder)
  • Azimuthal (planar)
  • Goode’s Homolosine
  • Mollweide Equal Area
  • Gall- Peters
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11
Q

Map projections

A

Distortions of latitude and longitude, needed to take something like a globe and represent it as a flat image

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12
Q

Robinson: distortions, advantages, disadvantages

A

D: poles are shrunken
A: least distortion
D: poles are hard to see

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13
Q

Mercator (cylinder): distortions, advantages, disadvantages

A

D: areas near the poles are stretched
A: shows true direction, shown by ships
D: areas that are by the poles are bigger than how they really are

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14
Q

Azimuthal (planar): distortions, advantages, disadvantages

A

D: land gets bigger further away from poles
A: used by airline pilots (for guidance)
D: can only see one hemisphere at a time

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15
Q

Goode’s Homolosine: distortions, advantages, disadvantages

A

D: oceans are not exactly all connected (interrupted)
A: stresses land masses
D: shape of planet distorted

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16
Q

Gall- Peters: distortions, advantages, disadvantages

A

D: countries look longer (stretched)
A: S hemisphere had accurate proportion
D: countries look longer, especially by the equator

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17
Q

Properties of maps

A

Distance
Direction
Shape
Scale

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18
Q

Reference maps

A

Show info for a certain place/ area

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19
Q

Political maps

A

Show countries, cities, borders, and capitals

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20
Q

Physical maps

A

Show landforms

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21
Q

Mental maps

A

Maps in oneself’s mind that are highly subject to change depending on your personal perception of a particular place/ area

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22
Q

Thematic/ special purposes maps

A

Designed to show a certain theme

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23
Q

Types of thematic maps (just name them)

A
  • choropleth
  • dot density
  • proportional circle
  • isoline map
  • cartogram
24
Q

Chloropleth

A

Areas are SHADED to show how strongly they represent a certain theme

25
Q

Dot density

A

Uses a dot to represent one unit of something; clusters of dots -> more accurate understanding/ conclusion of any situation for the geographers

26
Q

Proportional Circle

A

Size of circle represents strength of theme is in an area

27
Q

Isoline

A

Connects points of equal pattern (usually will relate to weather)

28
Q

Cartogram

A

Shows strength of an idea by distorting the size of the place

29
Q

Scale

A

Relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the earth as a whole

30
Q

Absolute location

A

Being the exact location or something, mostly relate to latitude and longitude

31
Q

Relative location

A

Describing where the location is by referencing the other things that it’s by

32
Q

3 types of spatial distributions

A
  • density
  • concentration
  • pattern
33
Q

Distribution

A

An arrangement of features in the space provided

34
Q

Density

A

of variable per unit area

35
Q

Concentration

A

Spread of something of a given area: clustered or diapered

36
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric arrangement of objects in space

37
Q

Centrality

A

A place where the location is between major points of influence; its situated well or has a good location

38
Q

Culture

A

The sum total knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior shared and transmitted by the members of society

39
Q

How does cultures affect human to environment relationship?

A

They see themselves as connected to others, define themselves in terms of relationship with others, and see their characteristics as more likely to change across different contexts (human behavior)e

40
Q

Human Geography

A

Study of humans and their ideas and cultures and its impact on the environment

41
Q

Culture trait

A

Something that makes up a part of a culture (ex. tacos in Latino culture LOL)

42
Q

Culture complex

A

A certain trait that may have multiple meanings (ex. turbans used in Middle East to stay cool, in Africa it’s part of some sort of tradition)

43
Q

Culture hearth

A

Starting point of a trait (or ending) [ex. Islam started in the S.W Asia/ N. Africa area]

44
Q

Major Diffusions (just name)

A
  • Expansion
  • Hierarchical
  • Contagious
  • Stimulus
  • Relocation
45
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

Spread of innovation or ideas through a POPULATION in an area

46
Q

Hierarchical

A

Spread of innovation or ideas spreads by passing among the major connected places or peoples (ex. big cities or celebrities)

47
Q

Contagious

A

Distance- controlled spreading of an idea, innovation or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person

48
Q

Stimulus

A

Spread of innovation or ideas which a cultural adaption is created as a result of the intros of a cultural trait from another place

49
Q

Relocation

A

Spread of innovation or ideas which the “items” gone in one area would be transferred to a different area in the world

50
Q

Syncretism

A

A union of a mix of different religions, cultures, or philosophies (ex being Halloween which has both Christian and pagan roots)

51
Q

Culture barrier

A

being influenced by the attitudes, customs and practices of the people around you (mostly facing obstacles)

52
Q

Types of regions

A

Formal
Functional
Perpetual

53
Q

Formal region

A

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics (ex. N. Africa/ S.W Asia)

54
Q

Functional region

A

Defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it or being surrounded by q central location (ex. Chicago metro)

55
Q

Perceptual Region

A

Reflecting on human feelings and attitudes about areas (typically stereotypical areas)

56
Q

Globalization

A

The act of spreading of products, ideas, cultures, etc (trading) at a global level

57
Q

Impact of globalization on cultures

A

It’s bad. By the big corporation having predominance, local shoes are almost pathetic

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (3 decks)

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