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Lathallan National 5 Environmental Science > U1 - Living Environment > Flashcards

U1 - Living Environment Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sampling technique for plants or slow-moving animals

A

Quadrat

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2
Q

Sampling technique for ground dwelling insects

A

Pitfall trap

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3
Q

How to make an experiment more reliable

A

Repeat multiple times and take an average

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4
Q

Why do we sample randomly?

A

To avoid sample bias

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5
Q

How is energy lost from a food chain?

A

Movement/ heat / undigested parts

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6
Q

What is the source of energy of all food chains?

A

The Sun

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7
Q

What are plants called in food chains?

A

Producer (they make their own food)

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8
Q

What is the process by which plants produce food?

A

Photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is an animal that only consumes plants?

A

Herbivore

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10
Q

What is an animal that only consumes other organisms?

A

Carnivore

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11
Q

What is an animal that consumes plants and organisms?

A

Omnivore

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12
Q

What is the term for a bacteria or fungus that breaks down dead matter?

A

Decomposer

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13
Q

What is the useful form of Nitrogen in the soil?

A

Nitrates

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14
Q

What do plants turn nitrates into?

A

Protein

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15
Q

When animal and plants die and decompose, what form of Nitrogen is released?

A

Ammonium

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16
Q

What does ammonium get ‘fixed’ into by bacteria?

A

Nitrites, then nitrates

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17
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed from the air?

A

Trees and plants carrying out photosynthesis

18
Q

What do plants store carbon as?

A

Glucose (or cellulose/starch)

19
Q

When plants and animals decomposed, their remains can be transformed by heat and pressure over millions of years. What is this resource?

A

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas)

20
Q

Process by which fossil fuels are burned in factories/vehicles

A

Combustion (burning in oxygen)

21
Q

The number of one species in an ecosystem

A

Population

22
Q

All the living species in the ecosystem

A

Community

23
Q

All the living and non-living factors of a habitat

A

Ecosystem

24
Q

The variety of species in an ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

25
Q

Consequence of adding too much fertiliser to fields (effect on water)

A

Eutrophication

26
Q

Formed when fertilisers enter water - this blocks out light

A

algal bloom

27
Q

This resource is used up in the water when bacteria feed off dead plants and animals

A

Oxygen

28
Q

A human impact caused by poaching

A

Species extinction / vulnerable species

29
Q

What is a INNS?

A

Invasive Non-Native Species (e.g. grey squirrel)

30
Q

Name another invasive species in the UK

A

Japanese knotweed
Rhododendron
American mink

31
Q

What is the effect of invasive species?

A

Outcompetes native species (sometimes to extinction)

32
Q

Name an abiotic factor

A 
Light intensity
pH
Temperature
Moisture
Wind velocity
33
Q

How would you measure light intensity

A

Hold light meter away from body - sensor directed to the sun

34
Q

How would you measure wind speed?

A

Anemometer

35
Q

How would you measure soil or air temperature?

A

Thermometer

36
Q

How would you measure soil moisture?

A

A moisture meter/probe

37
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species whose presence or absence can show the quality of the ecosystem

38
Q

What is an SSSI

A

Site of Special Scientific Interest (for rare plants, animals or geological features)

39
Q

What can SEPA (Scottish Environmental Protection Agency) do?

A
  • Protect against flooding
  • Monitor river/sea water quality
  • Help enforce environmental law
40
Q

What does the SNH (Scottish Natural Heritage) do?

A
  • Educate people on environmental issues

- Conserve natural heritage

Lathallan National 5 Environmental Science (6 decks)

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