U1 - L2 Cellular origin and evolution

Question 1

Cell theory principles: - 4

Answer 1

• Every living being is made up of 1 or more living units called cells
• Structural units of all living beings
• All metabolic reactions of our body take place inside our cells
• Each cell comes from a preexisting cell

Question 2

All cells have two abilities:

Answer 2

1. Ability to metabolize
2. Ability to self-perpetuate

Question 3

Origins of life 3 stages:

Answer 3

1. Chemical evolution
   * From inorganic molecules to organic molecules
   - Inorganic molecules: CO2, CH4, NH3, H2
   - Organic molecules: amino acids, nucleic acids, protein, lipids
2. Protobiological evolution
   * From organic molecules to prokaryotic cells
3. Cellular evolution
   * From prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells
   - The transition from prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells allows larger volume and more independency on environment
   - The main events were:
   • Appearance of internal membrane system which allows to:
     A. Compartmentalize internal cell space (organelles) and improve cell physiology
     Protect hereditary material (nuclear envelope)
     B. Appearance of energetic organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) and improve cell efficacy
   • Appearance of energetic organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) and improve cell efficacy

Question 4

Prokaryotic cell:

Answer 4

Question 5

prokaryotic cell parts:

Answer 5

Question 6

eukaryotic cell parts

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7