U1. History of FLT Flashcards
Definition of approach
A theory about nature of language and language learning: It offers a model of language competence; it describes how people acquire their knowledge of the language and makes comments about the conditions that will promote successful language learning
Examples of approach
Examples of different approaches are the aural-oral approach and the communicative approach.
Definition of method
The practical realization of an approach. Its originators have decided types of activities, roles of teachers and learners, kinds of materials which will be helpful: A method can not contradict its approach, although it is possible to have more than one method within an approach.
Definition of procedure
n ordered sequence of techniques; e.g., first you do this, then you do that, and finally …Smaller than a method, it is bigger than a technique.
Definition of technique
an activity used in a particular method, like drills, dialogues, role-plays, silent viewing or “finger technique”
Examples of method
Audio-oral method, direct method
Traditional methods (3)
Grammar translation methods
Direct method
Audio-lingual Method
Date G-T Method
1850-1950s
Philosophy G-T Method
Faculty psychology. Mental discipline through drilling best way to learn a language
Teaching practice G-T Method (Grammar, practice, vocabulary, writing, final goal, speaking and listening)
Grammar: set of rules (verb conjugations). Classigal languages Practice: written excercises Medium: L1 Vocab: long lists of translated terms Writing > speaking Final goal: written composition Speaking and Listening: neglected
Evaluation of G-T
Cons: lack structured scientific vision of language
Neglection of phonology, syntax, oral input and output
Word-by-word -> mistakes -> frustration
Pros: translation may be useful within a methodological approach to compare structures of L1 and L2
Direct Method dates
1890-now
Philosophy of DM
Same conditions as L1 babies. natural method. Berlitz schools
Teaching practice of DM (medium, grammar, rules and translation, vocabulary, phonetics, today)
Medium: English
Grammar: by repetition
Rules and translation: avoided
Vocabulary: incidentally or lists (situation or visual aids)
Phonetic: crucial
Today: phrasebooks in Berlitz language schools
Evaluation of DM
Cons: lack of serious linguistic foundation
Avoidace of L1 -> ineffective paraphasing -> time managing trouble
Pros: oral input
