u08_slides-classes-flashcards

Question 1

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Answer 1

A programming paradigm based on objects that combines variables, functions, and data structures to increase code reusability and modularity

Question 2

What are the two main components of objects in OOP?

Answer 2

1. State (data/attributes/fields), 2. Behavior (methods/functions)

Question 3

What is the difference between a class and an object?

Answer 3

A class is like a blueprint that defines attributes and methods, while an object is a specific instance of a class that exists uniquely

Question 4

What is the naming convention for Python classes?

Answer 4

Class names should use CapWords convention (e.g.

Question 5

What is the purpose of the __init__ method in a class?

Answer 5

It’s a special method for object initialization, called when creating a new instance of the class

Question 6

Why must all object methods have ‘self’ as their first parameter?

Answer 6

‘self’ references the instance the method was called on, allowing access to instance attributes and methods

Question 7

What’s the difference between class attributes and instance attributes?

Answer 7

Class attributes exist once and are shared by all instances, while instance attributes exist separately for each object instance

Question 8

How do you create a new instance of a class?

Answer 8

Using MyClass(…) syntax, where … are arguments passed to __init__ (e.g., dog = Dog(‘Bello’))

Question 9

How do you access class or object attributes?

Answer 9

Using dot notation: MyClass.attribute for class attributes, my_obj.attribute for instance attributes

Question 10

What is inheritance in Python classes?

Answer 10

A mechanism where a class (subclass/child) can inherit attributes and methods from another class (superclass/parent)

Question 11

How do you create a subclass in Python?

Answer 11

Using the syntax: class ChildClass(ParentClass), e.g., class GuardDog(Dog)

Question 12

What is the purpose of the super() function?

Answer 12

It allows access to methods from the parent class, particularly useful in method overriding

Question 13

What is Method Resolution Order (MRO)?

Answer 13

The order in which Python searches for methods through the class hierarchy, typically bottom-to-top in single inheritance

Question 14

What is the purpose of isinstance(x

Answer 14

y)?

Question 15

What is the purpose of issubclass(x

Answer 15

y)?

Question 16

What is the base class for all Python classes?

Answer 16

The ‘object’ class - every class in Python is indirectly derived from it

Question 17

How do you call a method on an object?

Answer 17

Using dot notation: my_obj.method(), where self is automatically passed as the first argument

Question 18

What is method overriding?

Answer 18

When a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that exists in its parent class

Question 19

What is multiple inheritance?

Answer 19

When a class can inherit from multiple parent classes (supported in Python)

Question 20

What does type(x) return?

Answer 20

Returns the class/type of x