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Neurology > U-World > Flashcards

U-World Flashcards

1
Q

How long does tick need to feed for release of neurotoxin

A

4-7 days

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2
Q

Pronator drift specific for

A

Upper motor neuron lesion (pronates before moving down)

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3
Q

1st and 2nd line RLS drugs

A

1st: Pramipexole (dopa agonist)
2nd: Gabapentin
* Also don’t forget iron therapy*

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4
Q

Pick’s disease features

A

Personality change, compulsive behaviors, and impaired memory

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5
Q

Rupture of bridging veins causes what kind of hematome

A

Subdural

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6
Q

Syringomyelia most commonly seen with

A

Arnold Chiari malformation type 1

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7
Q

What is primidone used for? AE?

A

Anticonvulsant used to treat benign essential tremors

Can precipitate acute intermittent porphyria

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8
Q

Hallmark of prolonged seizures

A

Cortical necrosis

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9
Q

Essential tremor drug of choice

A

Propranolol

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10
Q

Most common site of ulnar nerve entrapment

A

Elbow where ulnar nerve lies and the medial epicondylar groove

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11
Q

Spinal cord compression characterized by

A

Signs and symptoms of upper motor neuron dysfunction distal to site of compression

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12
Q

CN III neuropathy in DM

A

Ischemic

Somatic and PNS have separate blood supplies – DM only affects somatic

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13
Q

4 places HTN intracranial hemorrhage take place

A 
Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Pons
Cerebellum
*Present with focal signs but rapidly progress to sings of elevated ICP*
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14
Q

Hemineglect form stroke where

A

Non-dominant parietal lobe

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15
Q

Lateral medullary infarct features

A

PCA or vertebral occlusion
Loss of pain and temp over ipsilateral face and contralateral body, ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness, vertigo, and Horners

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16
Q

Tremor in PD

A

resting that decreases with voluntary movement, usually involving legs and hand, with facial involvement being less common

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17
Q

Essential tremor tx

A

Propranolol

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18
Q

Myasthenia crisis tx

A

Intubation (if resp de) followed by steroids as IV IG or plasma exchange (preferred)

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19
Q

Steroid induced myopathy features

A

Progressive proximal muscle weakness and atrophy without pain or tenderness
-ESR and CK normal

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20
Q

EEG of CJD

A

Sharp wave complexes

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21
Q

Drugs that can cause Psuedotuor cerebrei

A

HGH, tetracyclines, and excess Vit A and its derivatives (isotretinoin)

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22
Q

Embolic stroke timeline

A

Abrupt and symptoms usually maximal at the start

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23
Q

Best method for cluster headache tx

A

100% oxygen

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24
Q

Broca’s pneumonic

A

represents BROKEN speech system

In frontal lobe

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25
Q

Thalamic stroke features

A

Heme-Sensory loss with severe dysesthesia of the affected area

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26
Q

Hemorrhage vs infarction on CT

A

Hemorrhage will be hyper dense

Infarcts have hypotenuse parenchymal areas

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27
Q

CSF abnormality in GB

A

Increased protein

All else normal

28
Q

Physiologic tremor features

A

Postural –> occurring with action like holding arms outstretched
coffee makes this one worse

29
Q

When do essential tremors worsen

A

At the end of goal directed activities

30
Q

Hypokalemia EKG

A

U waves, flat and broad T waves, and PVCs

31
Q

Most common sight of HTN stroke

A

Putamen (internal capsule is right there leading to contralateral, dense hemiparesis)

32
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia drug

A

Carbamazepine

33
Q

Alzheimer drugs

A

Donepezil
Galantine
Rivastigmine

34
Q

Early what in front-temporal dementia

A

Personality changes

35
Q

Parkinsons plus is

A

Lewy Body dementia

hallucinations

36
Q

What is oscillopsia

A

Sensation of objects moving around in the visual field when looking in any direction

37
Q

Best method to dx acoustic neuroe

A

MRI with gadolinium

38
Q

Diffuse axonal injury CT

A

Numerous minute punctate hemorrhages with blurring of grey-white interface

39
Q

4 big parkinsons features

A

Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykineasia, and postural instability

40
Q

Atrophy of what in HD

A

Caudate nucleus

41
Q

Damage to lateral spinothalamic tracts causes what

A

Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation beginning two levels below the lesions

42
Q

Where does spinal cord exit the vertebrae

A

L1-L2

43
Q

ACA stroke features

A

Contralateral motor/sensory deficits (more pronounced in the lower limb)
Urinary incontinence

44
Q

MCA stroke features

A

Contra motor and sensory deficits (more pronounced in UE)

- if dominant lobe aphasia, if non dom can have hemineglect

45
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis red flag symptoms

A
  • Severe headache
  • Bilateral peri-orbital edema
  • CN II, IV, V and VI deficits
46
Q

Typical carpal tunnel neuro features

A

Paresthesias of the first three and half digits

-Thenar eminence atrophy

47
Q

Alcoholic cerebellar dysfunction features

A

Gait instability, truncal ataxia, difficulty with rapid alternating movements, hypotonia, and intention tremor

48
Q

Early AD features

A
  • Anterograde memory loss (distal memories preserved)
  • Visuospatial deficits
  • Language difficulties
  • Cognitive impairment with progressive decline
49
Q

Hyperextension in elderly pt’s with spondylosis could get what

A

Central chord syndrome

50
Q

What bacteria in sinusitis causing brain abscess

A

Viridian’s streptococci

51
Q

DM neuropathy affects what motor neurons

A

Lower

52
Q

Suspect what in mood disturbances + chorea

A

Huntingtons dz

53
Q

Do what in all new dx MG pt’s

A

CT chest to look for thymoma

54
Q

Pick’s disease features

A

personality changes, compulsive behaviors, hyperorality, and impaired memory

55
Q

Muscle weakness in MG

A

Symmetrical proximal weakness (upper more than lower, and neck

56
Q

What is Trihexyphenidly

A

Anticholinergic med sometimes used in younger PD pt’s where tremor is the primary symptom

57
Q

Pure motor lacunar stroke hits where

A

Posterior limb of internal capsule

58
Q

What is multi-system atrophy

A

Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, widespread neurological signs

59
Q

Triad of wenches encephalopathy

A

Encephalopathy, ocular dysfunction, and gait ataxia

60
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma features

A

Unilateral orbitrofrontal headache associated with nausea/vomiting, unilateral eye pain with CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION, and a dilated pupil with poor light response

61
Q

Lacunar strokes are due to?

A

Microatheroma and lipohyalinosis in small penetrating arteries of the brain –> often affecting internal capsule and causing pure motor dysfunction

62
Q

Early personality changes with what kind of dementia

A

Frontotemporal

63
Q

Riluzole MOA

A

Glutamate inhibitor for ALS

64
Q

Spinal abscess features

A

Fever, severe focal spinal pain, and neurologic deficits

65
Q

Major causes of M and M in SAH? Prevent with what

A

Vasospasm

Prevent with nimodipine

Neurology (4 decks)

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