U-World Flashcards by Robby Skinner

How long does tick need to feed for release of neurotoxin

4-7 days

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Pronator drift specific for

Upper motor neuron lesion (pronates before moving down)

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1st and 2nd line RLS drugs

1st: Pramipexole (dopa agonist)
2nd: Gabapentin
* Also don’t forget iron therapy*

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Pick’s disease features

Personality change, compulsive behaviors, and impaired memory

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Rupture of bridging veins causes what kind of hematome

Subdural

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Syringomyelia most commonly seen with

Arnold Chiari malformation type 1

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What is primidone used for? AE?

Anticonvulsant used to treat benign essential tremors

Can precipitate acute intermittent porphyria

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Hallmark of prolonged seizures

Cortical necrosis

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Essential tremor drug of choice

Propranolol

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Most common site of ulnar nerve entrapment

Elbow where ulnar nerve lies and the medial epicondylar groove

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Spinal cord compression characterized by

Signs and symptoms of upper motor neuron dysfunction distal to site of compression

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CN III neuropathy in DM

Ischemic

Somatic and PNS have separate blood supplies – DM only affects somatic

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4 places HTN intracranial hemorrhage take place

Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Pons
Cerebellum
*Present with focal signs but rapidly progress to sings of elevated ICP*

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Hemineglect form stroke where

Non-dominant parietal lobe

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Lateral medullary infarct features

PCA or vertebral occlusion
Loss of pain and temp over ipsilateral face and contralateral body, ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness, vertigo, and Horners

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Tremor in PD

resting that decreases with voluntary movement, usually involving legs and hand, with facial involvement being less common

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Essential tremor tx

Propranolol

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Myasthenia crisis tx

Intubation (if resp de) followed by steroids as IV IG or plasma exchange (preferred)

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Steroid induced myopathy features

Progressive proximal muscle weakness and atrophy without pain or tenderness
-ESR and CK normal

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EEG of CJD

Sharp wave complexes

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Drugs that can cause Psuedotuor cerebrei

HGH, tetracyclines, and excess Vit A and its derivatives (isotretinoin)

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Embolic stroke timeline

Abrupt and symptoms usually maximal at the start

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Best method for cluster headache tx

100% oxygen

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Broca’s pneumonic

represents BROKEN speech system

In frontal lobe

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Thalamic stroke features

Heme-Sensory loss with severe dysesthesia of the affected area

Hemorrhage vs infarction on CT

Hemorrhage will be hyper dense | Infarcts have hypotenuse parenchymal areas

CSF abnormality in GB

Increased protein | *All else normal*

Physiologic tremor features

Postural --> occurring with action like holding arms outstretched *coffee makes this one worse*

When do essential tremors worsen

At the end of goal directed activities

Hypokalemia EKG

U waves, flat and broad T waves, and PVCs

Most common sight of HTN stroke

Putamen (internal capsule is right there leading to contralateral, dense hemiparesis)

Trigeminal neuralgia drug

Carbamazepine

Alzheimer drugs

Donepezil Galantine Rivastigmine

Early what in front-temporal dementia

Personality changes

Parkinsons plus is

Lewy Body dementia | *hallucinations*

What is oscillopsia

Sensation of objects moving around in the visual field when looking in any direction

Best method to dx acoustic neuroe

MRI with gadolinium

Diffuse axonal injury CT

Numerous minute punctate hemorrhages with blurring of grey-white interface

4 big parkinsons features

Tremor, Rigidity, Bradykineasia, and postural instability

Atrophy of what in HD

Caudate nucleus

Damage to lateral spinothalamic tracts causes what

Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation beginning two levels below the lesions

Where does spinal cord exit the vertebrae

L1-L2

ACA stroke features

Contralateral motor/sensory deficits (more pronounced in the lower limb) Urinary incontinence

MCA stroke features

Contra motor and sensory deficits (more pronounced in UE) | - if dominant lobe aphasia, if non dom can have hemineglect

Cavernous sinus thrombosis red flag symptoms

- Severe headache - Bilateral peri-orbital edema - CN II, IV, V and VI deficits

Typical carpal tunnel neuro features

Paresthesias of the first three and half digits | -Thenar eminence atrophy

Alcoholic cerebellar dysfunction features

Gait instability, truncal ataxia, difficulty with rapid alternating movements, hypotonia, and intention tremor

Early AD features

- Anterograde memory loss (distal memories preserved) - Visuospatial deficits - Language difficulties - Cognitive impairment with progressive decline

Hyperextension in elderly pt's with spondylosis could get what

Central chord syndrome

What bacteria in sinusitis causing brain abscess

Viridian's streptococci

DM neuropathy affects what motor neurons

Lower

Suspect what in mood disturbances + chorea

Huntingtons dz

Do what in all new dx MG pt's

CT chest to look for thymoma

Pick's disease features

personality changes, compulsive behaviors, hyperorality, and impaired memory

Muscle weakness in MG

Symmetrical proximal weakness (upper more than lower, and neck

What is Trihexyphenidly

Anticholinergic med sometimes used in younger PD pt's where tremor is the primary symptom

Pure motor lacunar stroke hits where

Posterior limb of internal capsule

What is multi-system atrophy

Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, widespread neurological signs

Triad of wenches encephalopathy

Encephalopathy, ocular dysfunction, and gait ataxia

Acute angle closure glaucoma features

Unilateral orbitrofrontal headache associated with nausea/vomiting, unilateral eye pain with CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION, and a dilated pupil with poor light response

Lacunar strokes are due to?

Microatheroma and lipohyalinosis in small penetrating arteries of the brain --> often affecting internal capsule and causing pure motor dysfunction

Early personality changes with what kind of dementia

Frontotemporal

Riluzole MOA

Glutamate inhibitor for ALS

Spinal abscess features

Fever, severe focal spinal pain, and neurologic deficits

Major causes of M and M in SAH? Prevent with what

Vasospasm | Prevent with nimodipine