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U&Es Flashcards

1
Q

When might you order a U&Es blood test?

A

assess kidney function

check electrolytes levels

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2
Q

What substances are tested in U&Es?

A 
sodium
potassium
creatinine
urea
calcium
albumin
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3
Q

What is the reference range of sodium?

A

135-145 mmol/L

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4
Q

What can cause raised sodium in a U&Es blood test?

A

dehydration
rarely - salt intake
Cushing’s
diabetes insipidus

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5
Q

What can cause lowered sodium levels in a U&Es blood test?

A 
Sodium loss (D&V, thiazide diuretics, excessive sweating, kidney disease, Addison's disease)
Excessive fluid (drinking too much, heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome)
Excessive ADH production
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6
Q

What is the reference range of potassium?

A

3.7-5.2

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7
Q

What can cause raised potassium in a U&Es blood test?

A 
kidney disease
addison's disease
tissue injury
infection
infection
diabetes
too much IV potassium
drugs: NSAIDs, beta-blockers, ACEi, potassium-sparing diuretics
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8
Q

What can cause lowered potassium levels in a U&Es blood test?

A

Potassium loss (D&V, insulin use, non-potassium sparing diuretics)

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9
Q

What can cause raised creatinine levels in a U&Es blood test?

A

Kidney problems (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, AKI)
Dehydration
shock

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10
Q

What can cause lowered creatinine levels in a U&Es blood test?

A

not usually lowered

not usually a problem if they are

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11
Q

What is the reference range of urea in U&Es bloods?

A

2.5-7.9 mmol/L

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12
Q

What causes raised urea in a U&Es blood test?

A

Kidney problems (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, AKI)
Dehydration
shock

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13
Q

What can cause lowered creatinine levels in a U&Es blood test?

A

not usually lowered

not usually a problem if they are

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14
Q

What can cause raised calcium levels in a U&Es blood test?

A 
Hyperparathyroidism
cancer (bony mets release calcium)
hyperthyroidism
sarcoidosis
TB
kidney transplant
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15
Q

What can cause lowered calcium levels in a U&Es blood test?

A

hypoparathyroidism
low vit D
CKD
alcoholism

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16
Q

What can cause raised albumin in a U&Es blood test?

A

Dehydration

17
Q

What can cause lowered albumin in a U&Es blood test?

A

Liver disease
kidney problems inflammation
shock

18
Q

What markers are used commonly used to show infection in blood tests?

A

CRP and ESR

19
Q

Which inflammatory marker is better for acute infection?

20
Q

Which inflammatory marker is raised for weeks on end?

Blood tests (2 decks)

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