U 3 AOS1

Question 1

WHO definition of health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 2

limitations WHO definition of health

Answer 2

does not give everyone the chance to be considered healthy

Question 3

health and wellbeing definition

Answer 3

Relates to a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged

Question 4

Dynamic H+W

Answer 4

1. H&W is constantly changing
2. Changes can occur quickly in response to a range of internal and external factors; for example; illness, injury and relationship breakdown.
3. Health and wellbeing can also improve in a relatively short period of time due to medical interventions such as medication

Question 5

dynamic

Answer 5

1. Influenced by personal feelings and opinions; it is the way an individual perceives their own health and wellbeing.
2. Being free from illness and disease is often at the core of how a person feels about their health and wellbeing; including levels of fitness, mobility and body weight.

Question 6

Eight factors influencing how individuals view overall H&W:

Answer 6

• Age
• Fitness
• Body weight
• Social network
• Income
• Occupation
• Education
• Culture

Question 7

illness

Answer 7

a subjective concept relating to the state of feeling unwell based on personal experience of a disease.

Question 8

disease

Answer 8

physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage. The actual ailment someone suffers from.

Question 9

optimal health and wellbeing

Answer 9

• Developing heart disease after decades of unhealthy eating habits and lack of exercise are examples of changes that may be gradual and expected
• Sudden illness is an example of a change that is unexpected/ unpredictable

Question 10

Dimensions of Health and Wellbeing

Answer 10

physical, mental, social, emotional, spiritual

Question 11

individual benefits

Answer 11

With optimal HWB you are able to work productively, socialize with friends, live free form injury and disease, work towards purpose in life, reduced health care costs etc.

Question 12

national benefits

Answer 12

With optimal HWB there is less absenteeism from work, higher average national income, reduced stress and anxiety within a community, work productively which produces taxes; the implication of education (schools) etc.

Question 13

Global benefits

Answer 13

With optimal HWB there is a reduction of the risk of disease transmission between countries, improves global trade, assists in promoting peace and sustainability, promotes economic development.

Question 14

prerequisites

Answer 14

• peace
• shelter
• education
• food
• sustainable resources
• income
• Social justice and equity
• Stable ecosystem

Question 15

health status

Answer 15

an individual or population’s overall level of health, taking into account factors such as life expectancy, amount of disability & levels of disease risk factors.

Question 16

Self-assessed health status

Answer 16

an overall measure of a population’s health based on an individual’s own perception of their health.

• It allows someone to judge their own level of health by rating their physical functioning, emotional wellbeing, level of pain and discomfort and overall perception of health.

Question 17

life expectancy

Answer 17

an indication of how long a person can expect to live (from birth), if death rates do not change. (‘Quantity of life’)

Question 18

health adjusted life expectancy

Answer 18

the number of ‘healthy’ years a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health & mortality. (‘Quality of life’)

Question 19

morbidity

Answer 19

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

Question 20

incidence

Answer 20

The number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time

Question 21

prevalence

Answer 21

The number (new and old) or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Question 22

Burden of Disease

Answer 22

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.

Question 23

Disability adjusted life years DALY

Answer 23

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

Question 24

YLL

Answer 24

Years of life lost. a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Question 25

years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 25

a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability

Question 26

Mortality

Answer 26

Refers to death, often at a population level.

Question 27

maternal mortality

Answer 27

death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery.

Question 28

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer 28

the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100 000 live births.

Question 29

Infant mortality

Answer 29

the death of a child between birth and their first birthday.

Question 30

mortality rate

Answer 30

(sometimes referred to as ‘death rate’) the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100 000)

Question 31

Biological factors

Answer 31

-Body weight
-blood pressure
-blood cholesterol
-Glucose regulation
-Birth weight
-genetics

Question 32

Sociocultural

Answer 32

-Access to healthcare
-food security
-socioeconomic status
-social exclusion and social isolation
-unemployment
-early life experiences
-cultural factors

Question 33

Environmental

Answer 33

-Housing
-Air and water quality
-Work environment
-climate and climate change
-urban design and infrastructure