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Greek History Angelica > Tyrant Packet > Flashcards

Tyrant Packet Flashcards

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0
Q

Sparta most powerful _______

Subjugated all of __________

A

Dorian City

Laconia and Messenia

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1
Q

Tyrant

A

Relied on physical force, “usurper with extreme power”

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2
Q

5 villages of Sparta

A

Pitane, Messoa, Limnae, Konoura, Dyme

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3
Q

What did Sparta do to the Acheans?

A

Enslaved them, turned them into serfs called helots

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4
Q

Sparta known for what?

A

Iron

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5
Q

People living around Sparta

A

Periocei

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6
Q

In early history, Sparta flourished in what?

A

Song and art

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7
Q

Terpander

A

Father lyric poetry, banished from Lesbos and settled in Sparta

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8
Q

Alcman

A

Chief poet of Sparta, emigrated from Lydia

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9
Q

Tyrtaeus

A

Poet from Attica, wrote martial songs for Sparta

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10
Q

1st Messenian War

A

725-705, King Theopompus of Sparta captured Messenia and enslaved populace

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11
Q

2nd Messenian War

A

640-631, Aristomenes led helot revolt, Tyrtaeus led Sparta to victory with martial songs

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12
Q

What happened because of the Messenian War?

A

Sparta’s “Golden Age” ended

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13
Q

What caused Sparta’s constant military preparedness?

A

Sparta depended on agriculture of helots who were in a constant state of rebellion

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14
Q

Sparta did not have a what?

A

Strong fortified acropolis

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15
Q

Lycurgus, replaced _____ with _____, citizens could not_______, only tool a citizen could own was a _______, believed to be a _____

A

C. 885, military society, replaced kinship organization of Laconia with a geographic organization, no citizens could engage in trade or military, only tool a citizen could own was an axe, forbade importation of silver and gold, believed to be a god

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16
Q

Duarchy

A

2 kings ruling concurrently, heads do religion, judiciary, army

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17
Q

Gerousia

A

Senate of old men for life, 28 members, 60 = minimum age, 2 kings were in Gerousia also, organized legislation and formulated public policy

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18
Q

Apella

A

All male citizens over 30, reviewed laws of Gerousia, elected people, determined questions of war and peace and foreign policy

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19
Q

What was Sparta’s government

A

Democracy

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20
Q

Ephors

A

5 men chosen annually by the Apella, 7th century: gained power due to uneasiness, 6th century: equal kings, after Persian war: almost supreme, only Sparta had ephors

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21
Q

Krypteia

A

Secret police of ephors who spied on helots

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22
Q

Harmost

A

Military governor appoints to control allied cities overseas

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23
Q

Royal houses of Sparta

A

Agids and Eurypontids

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24
Q

Defective children in Sparta

A

Thrown off Mt. Taygetus to die

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25
Q

Boys in Sparta

A

Brought up by army from 7-30, subjected to military service 20-60

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26
Q

Women in Sparta

A

Imbued with Spartan discipline, told songs to return with their shield or on it (i.e win or die)

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27
Q

Athens most important what city

A

Ionian

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28
Q

Athens trade center for what

A

All of Greece

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29
Q

Naming of Athens

A

Poseidon = horse, Athena = olive tree! Athena won

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30
Q

Athens known for what

A

Silver and large navy

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31
Q

How was Attica divided

A

4 tribes, subdivided into 360 clans

32
Q

Athens originally ruled by what

A

2 kings

33
Q

Last king of Athens

A

King Codrus while defending Athens from Dorians, left no successor

34
Q

How long did archons rule?

A

Life, then 10 years, then 1 year

35
Q

First archon

A

Acastas of Medontid family

36
Q

How many archons were there

A

9

37
Q

Archon Epanymos

A

head of religion, name used for the year

38
Q

Archon Basileus

A

head of state religion

39
Q

Archon Polemarchos

A

commander of the army

40
Q

Archon Thesmothetal

A

(6) lawmakers

41
Q

How was election held in Athens?

A

by lot to prevent bribery

42
Q

Boule

A

similar to Aeropagus, made up of archons who completed office, chose archons, ruled the state, had 12 pyrtanies

43
Q

Meeting place of the Boule

A

Hill of Mars

44
Q

Ecclesia

A

assembly of all citizens who had little voice in actual rule

45
Q

Class organization in Athens

A

Eupatrides, Hippes, Zeigitae, Demiurgoi, Georgoi, Thetes

46
Q

Eupatrides

A

landed gentry (aristocrats)

47
Q

HIppes

A

Knights

48
Q

Zeigitae

A

farmers

49
Q

Demiurgoi

A

tradesmen, craftsmen

50
Q

Georgoi

A

small peasants, farmers

51
Q

Thetes

A

hired laborers

52
Q

Aeropagus

A

462, Happening during that time: its powere were in some unknown way domestically curtailed

53
Q

Cylon

A

tried to establish tyranny in Athens in 632 with help of Theagenes, defeated and his followers took refuge in Athena’s temple

54
Q

Megacles

A

archon during Cylon’s plot, promised Cylon’s followers safety, but killed them anyway

55
Q

Almeaonides

A

family of Megacles, banished from Athens forever because Megacles broke his promise to people taking refuge in the temple

56
Q

Disorder in Athens was resolved by who?

A

Draco, codified fist system of laws in Athens, made thesmothetes

57
Q

Draco

A

c.620, set power more firmly in hands of upper classes, property owners protected, most crimes punished by death. harsh law code made social war imminent

58
Q

Cape Sunium

A

South of Attica, temple of Poseidon

59
Q

Delphi

A

major religious center of Greece, sight of Appolo’s famous oracle, people came to Delphi in hopes of receiving Appolo’s prophetic help

60
Q

oracle

A

divine response to some question posed

61
Q

Pyrhia

A

priestess who answered questions put to Appolo

62
Q

Amphictionic League was a powerful alliance of what

A

northern greek city states dominated by Thessaly

63
Q

Purpose of Amphictionic league

A

protect Apollo’s sanctuary at Delphi

64
Q

what does the name “amphictionic” mean

A

“dwellers around”

65
Q

1st sacred war

A

590, Crisa claimed control of Delphi oracle, League initiated a holy war against Crisa: captured it, slew citizens, burned it to the ground

66
Q

What was destroyed has a result of the first sacred war

A

Cirrha

67
Q

Dodona is a city in what

A

Epirus

68
Q

Dodona was the sight of what

A

Zeus’s famous oracle

69
Q

Dodonoa called what

A

“land of the whispering oaks”

70
Q

what was the first oracle in Greece

A

Dodona

71
Q

Thebes was the main city in what region

A

Boeotia

72
Q

Boeotians played a what

A

inglorious part in Greek history, aided the Persians and were a thorn in the said of Athens for centuries

73
Q

Thebes had a what

A

sacred band composed of 150 pairs of best friends

74
Q

where did the Graii live

A

near aulis in boeotia,

75
Q

Graii

A

settled a coliny at cumae in italy

76
Q

what did the romans get from the Graii

A

the name Graici(Greece) which applied to all Hellenes

77
Q

Thebes was ruled by what

A

mythical king named Laius

Greek History Angelica (2 decks)

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