Tyrant Packet Flashcards
Sparta most powerful _______
Subjugated all of __________
Dorian City
Laconia and Messenia
Tyrant
Relied on physical force, “usurper with extreme power”
5 villages of Sparta
Pitane, Messoa, Limnae, Konoura, Dyme
What did Sparta do to the Acheans?
Enslaved them, turned them into serfs called helots
Sparta known for what?
Iron
People living around Sparta
Periocei
In early history, Sparta flourished in what?
Song and art
Terpander
Father lyric poetry, banished from Lesbos and settled in Sparta
Alcman
Chief poet of Sparta, emigrated from Lydia
Tyrtaeus
Poet from Attica, wrote martial songs for Sparta
1st Messenian War
725-705, King Theopompus of Sparta captured Messenia and enslaved populace
2nd Messenian War
640-631, Aristomenes led helot revolt, Tyrtaeus led Sparta to victory with martial songs
What happened because of the Messenian War?
Sparta’s “Golden Age” ended
What caused Sparta’s constant military preparedness?
Sparta depended on agriculture of helots who were in a constant state of rebellion
Sparta did not have a what?
Strong fortified acropolis
Lycurgus, replaced _____ with _____, citizens could not_______, only tool a citizen could own was a _______, believed to be a _____
C. 885, military society, replaced kinship organization of Laconia with a geographic organization, no citizens could engage in trade or military, only tool a citizen could own was an axe, forbade importation of silver and gold, believed to be a god
Duarchy
2 kings ruling concurrently, heads do religion, judiciary, army
Gerousia
Senate of old men for life, 28 members, 60 = minimum age, 2 kings were in Gerousia also, organized legislation and formulated public policy
Apella
All male citizens over 30, reviewed laws of Gerousia, elected people, determined questions of war and peace and foreign policy
What was Sparta’s government
Democracy
Ephors
5 men chosen annually by the Apella, 7th century: gained power due to uneasiness, 6th century: equal kings, after Persian war: almost supreme, only Sparta had ephors
Krypteia
Secret police of ephors who spied on helots
Harmost
Military governor appoints to control allied cities overseas
Royal houses of Sparta
Agids and Eurypontids
Defective children in Sparta
Thrown off Mt. Taygetus to die
Boys in Sparta
Brought up by army from 7-30, subjected to military service 20-60
Women in Sparta
Imbued with Spartan discipline, told songs to return with their shield or on it (i.e win or die)
Athens most important what city
Ionian
Athens trade center for what
All of Greece
Naming of Athens
Poseidon = horse, Athena = olive tree! Athena won
Athens known for what
Silver and large navy
How was Attica divided
4 tribes, subdivided into 360 clans
Athens originally ruled by what
2 kings
Last king of Athens
King Codrus while defending Athens from Dorians, left no successor
How long did archons rule?
Life, then 10 years, then 1 year
First archon
Acastas of Medontid family
How many archons were there
9
Archon Epanymos
head of religion, name used for the year
Archon Basileus
head of state religion
Archon Polemarchos
commander of the army
Archon Thesmothetal
(6) lawmakers
How was election held in Athens?
by lot to prevent bribery
Boule
similar to Aeropagus, made up of archons who completed office, chose archons, ruled the state, had 12 pyrtanies
Meeting place of the Boule
Hill of Mars
Ecclesia
assembly of all citizens who had little voice in actual rule
Class organization in Athens
Eupatrides, Hippes, Zeigitae, Demiurgoi, Georgoi, Thetes
Eupatrides
landed gentry (aristocrats)
HIppes
Knights
Zeigitae
farmers
Demiurgoi
tradesmen, craftsmen
Georgoi
small peasants, farmers
Thetes
hired laborers
Aeropagus
462, Happening during that time: its powere were in some unknown way domestically curtailed
Cylon
tried to establish tyranny in Athens in 632 with help of Theagenes, defeated and his followers took refuge in Athena’s temple
Megacles
archon during Cylon’s plot, promised Cylon’s followers safety, but killed them anyway
Almeaonides
family of Megacles, banished from Athens forever because Megacles broke his promise to people taking refuge in the temple
Disorder in Athens was resolved by who?
Draco, codified fist system of laws in Athens, made thesmothetes
Draco
c.620, set power more firmly in hands of upper classes, property owners protected, most crimes punished by death. harsh law code made social war imminent
Cape Sunium
South of Attica, temple of Poseidon
Delphi
major religious center of Greece, sight of Appolo’s famous oracle, people came to Delphi in hopes of receiving Appolo’s prophetic help
oracle
divine response to some question posed
Pyrhia
priestess who answered questions put to Appolo
Amphictionic League was a powerful alliance of what
northern greek city states dominated by Thessaly
Purpose of Amphictionic league
protect Apollo’s sanctuary at Delphi
what does the name “amphictionic” mean
“dwellers around”
1st sacred war
590, Crisa claimed control of Delphi oracle, League initiated a holy war against Crisa: captured it, slew citizens, burned it to the ground
What was destroyed has a result of the first sacred war
Cirrha
Dodona is a city in what
Epirus
Dodona was the sight of what
Zeus’s famous oracle
Dodonoa called what
“land of the whispering oaks”
what was the first oracle in Greece
Dodona
Thebes was the main city in what region
Boeotia
Boeotians played a what
inglorious part in Greek history, aided the Persians and were a thorn in the said of Athens for centuries
Thebes had a what
sacred band composed of 150 pairs of best friends
where did the Graii live
near aulis in boeotia,
Graii
settled a coliny at cumae in italy
what did the romans get from the Graii
the name Graici(Greece) which applied to all Hellenes
Thebes was ruled by what
mythical king named Laius
