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UX: Visual Design: The Ultimate Guide > Typography > Flashcards

Typography Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a font and a typeface?

A

A typeface is composed of fonts.
The font is really the delivery mechanism.

You choose a typeface. You use a font.

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2
Q

What are Type Classifications?

A

A basic system for classifying typefaces devised in the nineteenth century, when printers sought to identify a heritage for their own craft analogous to that of art history.

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3
Q

What are Type Families?

A

A system for organizing typefaces

Type Families refers to a series of weights or variations on a typeface that all live within the same stylistic or aesthetic kind of realm.

roman, italic, small caps, bold, semibold, etc.

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4
Q

What are Humanist letterforms closely connected to?

A

Calligraphy and the movement of the hand

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5
Q

Transitional and modern typefaces are more ______ and less organic.

A

abstract

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6
Q

Humanist letterforms and Transitional and modern typefaces are three main groups that correspond roughly to what periods in art and literature?

A

Renaissance, Baroque and Enlightment

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7
Q

What is a Serif typeface?

A

A typeface with serifs. Serifs can be classified as Old-Style, Transitional, Modern, and Slab.

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8
Q

What are Serifs?

A

A stroke is added to the beginning or end of one of the main strokes of a letter.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Old-Style typefaces?

A
  • Have a low contrast between thick and thin strokes
  • Have diagonal stress in the strokes
  • Have slanted serifs on lower-case ascenders
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Transitional typefaces?

A
  • Have a high contrast between thick and thin strokes
  • Have a medium-high x -height
  • Have vertical stress in the strokes
  • Have bracketed serifs
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11
Q

What are Modern (Didone, Neoclassical) typefaces?

A
  • Have a high contrast between thick and thin strokes
  • Have a medium-high x -height
  • Have vertical stress in the strokes
  • Have bracketed serifs
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12
Q

What are Slab typefaces?

A
  • Are heavy serifs with subtle differences between the stroke weight
  • Usually have minimal or no bracketing
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13
Q

What are sans serif typefaces?

A

A typeface without serifs, from the French word “sans” that, means “without”.

Sans serifs can be classified as Transitional, Humanist, and Geometric.

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Sans Serif Transitional Typefaces?

A
  • Have a low contrast between thick and thin strokes

* Have vertical or no observable stress

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Sans Serif Humanist Typefaces?

A
  • Have a medium-contrast between thick and thin strokes

* Have a slanted stress

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Sans Serif Geometric Typefaces?

A
  • Have a low contrast between thick and thin strokes

* Have vertical stress and circular round forms

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17
Q

What is a Monospace typeface?

A

A typeface that displays all characters with the same width is known as Monospace.

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18
Q

What is a Script typeface?

A

Script typefaces have a natural, handwritten feel. Scripts can be classified as Black letter, Calligraphic and Handwriting.

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Black Letter Script typefaces?

A
  • Have a high contrast between thick and thin strokes

* Are narrow with straight lines and angular curves

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Calligraphic Script typefaces?

A

*Are replications of calligraphic styles of writing (formal)

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of Handwriting Script typefaces?

A

*Are replications of handwriting (casual)

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22
Q

What are display typefaces aka decorative?

A

A broad category of typefaces that do not fit into the preceding classifications. They are typically suited for large point sizes and primarily used for display.

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of decorative display typefaces?

A

*Are distinctive, eye-catching and orginal

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24
Q

What are Type superfamilies?

A

A superfamily consists of dozens of related fonts in multiple weights and/ or widths, oftern with both sans-serif and serif versions.

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25
Q

What are the Common Type Classifications?

A

Serif, Sans Serif, Monospace, Script and Display

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26
Q

Why does Type matter?

A

Because everything we read involves type. Everything — be it a thoughtful note from a friend, an important email from a colleague or a serious news story on TV.

Type is necessary. It can’t be an afterthought. Type is and has to be considered in all parts of usability and visual communication.

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27
Q

What is visual inflection?

A

A way to communicate tone through type.
If you want to be clear in your communication, you need to be clear in your choice of typography, because what is said is influenced by how it is set.

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28
Q

The partially enclosed space of a letterform.

A

Aperture

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29
Q

An upward vertical stroke that extends beyond the x-height.

A

Ascender

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30
Q

The invisible line on which all letters rest

A

Baseline

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31
Q

The generally round or elliptical forms which are the basic body shape of letters.

A

Bowl

32
Q

The distance from the baseline to the top of the capital letter

A

Cap height

33
Q

The white space enclosed by a letterform

A

Counter

34
Q

The horizontal stroke in letters

A

Cross bar

35
Q

A downward vertical stroke that extends beyond the baseline

A

Descender

36
Q

Also known as a tittle, is a small diacritic on a lowercase i or j

A

Dot

37
Q

The closed counter of a lowercase e

A

Eye

38
Q

A tapered or curved end on a letterform

A

Finial

39
Q

Two or more letters tied into a single character

A

Ligature

40
Q

A smaller form of letters in a typeface

A

Lowercase

41
Q

A curved stroke originating from a stem

A

Shoulder

42
Q

The main curved stroke of a lowercase or capital letter

A

Spine

43
Q

A main stroke that is more or less straight, not part of a bowl

A

Stem

44
Q

A stroke added to the beginning or end of one of the main strokes of a letter.

A

Serif

45
Q

Short capital letters designed to blend with lowercase text

A

Small Capital

46
Q

A straight or curved line that creates the principal part of a letter.

A

Stroke

47
Q

A circular form at the end of the arm, leg or brow in letters.

A

Terminal

48
Q

A typecase containing capital letters.

A

Uppercase

49
Q

The distance between the baseline and the height of the lowercase letter ‘x’.

A

x-height

50
Q

The thickness of a font’s stroke.

A

Weight

51
Q

A distinctive form of drawing you may use to propose, explore, refine and communicate your ideas.

A

Sketching. As a designer, you can use sketching as your first line of attack to crack a design problem.

52
Q

What does the physicality of the material represent?

A

The physicality of the material represents the nature of immortality. In the case of John’s chosen material, stone, the material is timeless and can last lifetimes.

53
Q

What is Leading?

A

Leading is vertical space between lines of text, also known as line spacing.

54
Q

What is Tracking?

A

Tracking is the space between a whole group of letters, sometimes called letter spacing.

55
Q

What is the difference between a type designer and a typographer?

A

Type designers make type.

Typographers use type.

56
Q

What is Kerning?

A

Kerning is the space between two individual letters.

Unlike tracking, it varies over the course of the word because each letter fits together differently.

57
Q

What is Keming?

A

The result of improper kerning in typography.

58
Q

Fun Fact: Tracking and kerning are both measured in _____, a unit of measure that is relative to the current type size.

A

1/1000em

59
Q

Where was the term leading derived from?

A

The practice of placing thin lead strips between lines of type to increase the vertical space between them.

60
Q

What is hierarchy?

A

Hierarchy is used to guide the reader’s eye to whatever is most important. In other words, it shows them where to begin and where to go next using different levels of emphasis.

61
Q

What is Legibility?

A

Legibility refers to how clear it is to distinguish one letter from another in a particular typeface.

62
Q

What is Readability?

A

Readability refers to how easy it is to read words, phrases and blocks of text.

63
Q

Type is based on a ________ ____ _____.

A

vernacular of gesture. When we talk about handling type, it’s because historically type was a physical thing, derived from the hand-setting of wood and metal type. Many common typographic terms are built on the same vernacular language.

64
Q

What is the formula for the Golden Section?

A

1 : 1.618

65
Q

What is the formula for the Golden Section?

A

a : b = b : (a+b)

66
Q

What is the simplest type of grid?

A

Single-Column Grid

67
Q

Which grid has consistent horizontal divisions from top to bottom in addition to vertical divisions from left to right?

A

Modular Grid

68
Q

What is a Single-Column Grid?

A

Grids are the simplest, consisting of a single column of text surrounded by margins.

69
Q

What is a Multi-Column Grid?

A

Grids provide flexible formats for publications that have a complex hierarchy or that integrate text and illustrations.

multi-column grids provide flexible formats for publications that have a complex hierarchy or that integrate text and illustrations. The more columns you create, the more flexible your grid becomes.

70
Q

What is a Modular Grid?

A

A modular grid has consistent horizontal divisions from top to bottom in addition to vertical divisions from left to right.

71
Q

Why are Typographic grids important?

A

Typographic Grids are all about control. They establish a system for arranging content within the space of a space, screen or built environment.

72
Q

What is the Golden Ratio?

A

a ratio (relationship between two numbers) that has been used in Western art and architecture for more than two thousand years. The formula for the golden section is a : b = b : (a+b).

This means that the smaller of two elements (such as the shorter side of a rectangle) relates to the larger element in the same way that the larger element relates to the two parts combined. In other words, side a is to side b as side b is to the sum of both sides. Expressed numerically, the ratio for the golden section is 1 : 1.618.

73
Q

What is the recommended word count per line of text to reduce eye fatigue and create an enjoyable reading experience?

A

10-12 words per line

74
Q

What happens when you put too many words per line?

A

It can strain your reader’s eye’s causing eye fatigue while reading.

75
Q

When choosing a typeface, a good rule is to:

a. stick to one typeface
b. stick to two typefaces
c. Use as many typefaces as possible

A

b. stick to two typefaces

76
Q

When designing with type, you should always consider the _______ ______ of your user.

A

Cultural context

UX: Visual Design: The Ultimate Guide (3 decks)

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